Fatal delayed hemopericardium and hemothorax following blunt chest trauma.

Cardiac injury following blunt chest trauma is common in motor vehicle accidents due to a crush or blast injury. Severe cardiac trauma is associated with a very high mortality. If a cardiac injury develops several weeks after non-penetrating chest trauma, establishing a causal link between the traumatic event and the cardiac injury becomes complicated.

[MAGNETIC RESONANCE STRENGTH OF 1.5 T - POSSIBILITIES DETAILED VIEW OF THE OPTIC NERVE].

Due to the increased availability of MRI, this modality is the first choice for patients with a suspected pathology of the optic nerve, chiasm and optic tracts. Magnetic resonance imaging allows to evaluate the optic nerve itself as well as the gain or atrophy, its focal changes; it also allows detailed views of the surrounding structures such as vagina of the optic nerve and the mutual ratio between the full thickness of the nerve and the vagina, and the nerve itself. MR method uses a tissue contrast of an adipose tissue structures to a detailed imaging of the orbit.

Developmental malformations in the area of the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and sacrum: differences in gender and left/right distribution.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital malformations of the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae in the general population, and the differences in their gender and left/right distributions.

Methods: The examined group comprised of all patients who underwent a pelvic X-ray during 2010 for any reason. The observed parameters included the following malformations: the presence of megatransversus at L5; sacralization of L5 or L6; a S1 lumbarization; the presence of six sacral vertebrae; or spina bifida at the level of L5, S1 or S2.

[Mid-term radiographic results in Th12 and L1 fractures after anterior column reconstruction with tibial shaft bone allograft].

Purpose Of The Study: Frozen tibial shaft bone allografts filled with autologous cancellous bone chips were used for anterior column reconstruction in Th12 and L1 fractures. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the five-year results of the treatment on the basis of radiographic findings.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six patients treated in 2005 and 2006 for isolated Th12 or L1 fractures, with no neurological deficit, were evaluated.

[Right ventricular perforation by a rib fragment following blunt thoracic trauma].

Blunt chest trauma produces a variety of injuries. Penetrating cardiac injuries from rib fractures are extremely rare. We report the unusual case of a patient with multiple rib fractures and penetrating cardiac injury from dislocated segment of fractured VIII left rib.

[Multicentric study of patients with pelvic injury: overview of clinical outcomes and permanent sequelae].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of the study was to assess the clinical outcomes and permanent sequelae of pelvic fractures at one year after injury and to identify factors that influenced these results.

Material And Methods: The group evaluated consisted of 151 patients older than 15 years treated for pelvic fractures in 2007 at seven hospitals in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This one-year descriptive prospective study included all basic epidemiological data concerning the patients and the evaluation of their clinical results using the Majeed score.

[Bronchobiliary fistulae as a complication of hepatic cystic echinococcosis].

Cystic hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE) rarely occurs in the Czech Republic. In 2005 - 2009, eleven cases were recorded, mostly among immigrants from the Balkans. Presented here is a case report of a 38-year-old patient with hepatic CE complicated by bronchobiliary fistulae.

[Fractures of the L5 transverse process in pelvic ring injury].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of the study was to record the frequency of L5 transverse process fractures associated with pelvic injuries and to find out whether in unstable pelvic fractures the frequency is significantly higher.

Material And Methods: The group evaluated comprised 106 patients (38 women and 68 men; average age, 43.4 years; range, 16 to 95 years) treated for pelvic ring fractures at two trauma centres in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2007.

Identification of CD133+/nestin+ putative cancer stem cells in non-small cell lung cancer.

Aims: No effective treatment for lung cancer exists currently. One reason for this, is the development of drug resistance, assumed to be associated with cancer stem cell (CSCs) emergence within the tumour. This pilot study aimed to identify CSCs in 121 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples via detection of the expression of stem cell markers - CD133 and nestin.

Distal enlargement of the optic nerve sheath in the hyperacute stage of intracerebral haemorrhage.

Aims: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement is detectable in patients with increased intracranial pressure. The aim was to detect an enlargement of the ONSD using optic nerve sonography in patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) within 6 h of the onset of symptoms.

Methods: Thirty-one acute ICH patients, 15 age-matched acute ischaemic stroke patients and 16 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled consecutively in this prospective bi-centre observational study.

Moyamoya disease is associated with endothelial activity detected by anti-nestin antibody.

Aim: To describe the case history and new histopathological findings of a young woman suffering from moyamoya disease.

Methods: The patient underwent brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and brain angiography. Vessel samples of a.

[Multicentric study of patients with pelvic injury: basic analysis of the study group].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of the study was to make a basic analysis of the patients treated for pelvic fractures in the year 2007 at 14 institutions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Material And Methods: The group investigated consisted of 474 patients treated in 2007. In a one-year prospective descriptive study, patients' data were recorded according to a unified protocol.

Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in patients with end-stage chronical critical limb ischemia and diabetic foot.

A total 37 patients suffering from end stage-IV Fontaine (CLI and diabetic foot) with an ulcerated limb in whom all previous therapeutic strategies failed (e.g. surgical revascularization and endovascular repair) were selected and underwent local transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells (ABMSCs).

[Management of unstable pelvic fracture in the acute phase (pelvic damage control surgery)].

Pelvic fractures are serious injuries. For the diagnosis and treatment of unstable pelvic ring fracture in a haemodynamically unstable patient, it is necessary to use standard procedures with the objective to stabilise both blood circulation and the pelvic ring. According to the state of the patient, the choice is between life-saving surgery, damage control surgery and procedures of early or delayed stabilisation of the pelvic ring.

Transcranial duplex sonography and CT angiography in acute stroke patients.

Acute occlusion of cervical or intracranial arteries is the most common cause of ischemic stroke (IS). The aims of the current study were to compare the occurrence of acute pathologic findings in intracranial arteries using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) performed within 3 hours of IS onset and to assess the correlation between the vascular findings on admission and the patient's clinical state on admission and 3 months after the IS. Forty-five consecutive patients with an acute IS were included in the prospective study during an 18-month period.

Brain single photon emission tomography and hypercapnia test in testing cerebrovascular reserve capacity, in Moya moya disease.

Moya moya is a progressive cerebral occlusive vasculopathy, rare in European countries. We describe a case of a young woman with right-hand side hemiparesis, mixed expressive aphasia, organic psychosyndrome and cognitive malfunction. Detailed imaging methods displayed bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery, bilateral ischemic cerebral changes and bilateral perfusion deficit, which guided us to the final diagnosis.

Detection of dural ectasia in diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome.

Background: Marfan's syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder that affects many organ systems and has widespread phenotype expression. The diagnosis is therefore made by phenotype assessment. Dural ectasia has been classified as a major diagnostic criterium with a prevalence of over 90% in patients with Marfan's syndrome.

[Pelvic fractures: role of imaging methods in the diagnosis of isolated pelvic fractures and multi-trauma].

The authors evaluate the role of imaging methods used in the diagnostics of pelvic fractures with the aim to suggest the most effective way of their use. The exact diagnosis of an injury is achieved most quickly if, in hemodynamically stable patients, CT scan is the initial examination and, based on the findings, conservative, invasive (laparotomy) or miniinvasive (angiography with bleeding artery embolization) procedures are used. In hemodynamically unstable patients, the diagnostic procedure always begins with plain X-ray and FAST (ultrasound) examination of the pelvis.

[Can the new CT-based classification of acetabular fractures be useful for clinical practice?].

Currently, conventional diagnosis of acetabular fractures is often supplemented and even replaced by CT examination, as this can provide a more detailed image of the extent of fracture and its morphology. Supported by developmental anatomy, Harris et al. proposed a new classification for acetabular fractures in which the pubic bone component of the acetabulum is shown to coincide with the anterior column of the acetabulum.

Giant serpentine internal carotid artery aneurysm: endovascular parent artery occlusion. A pediatric case report.

We report on a case of a 14-year-old boy with a giant serpentine aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery cavernous segment with symptoms of acute mass-effect cranial nerve dysfunction. After a balloon occlusion test of the collateral circulation, the patient underwent parent artery occlusion with platinum Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered coils. An optimal angiographic result and successful clinical outcome were achieved with resolution of IIIrd, IVth and VIth cranial nerve ischemic symptoms.

The diagnosis of brain death--own experience.

Background: The aim of this paper is a description of our experience with scintigraphic detection of brain death.

Material And Methods: Thirty-four patients were studied from February 2003 to June 2006. We performed brain scintigraphic examination utilising (99m)Tc-HMPAO and a two-headed SPECT camera E.

[Pelvic ring injury].

The authors compare their experience with the treatment of pelvic ring injuries with the literature data concerning the etiology, diagnosis and classification of this trauma, co-existing pathologies, primary therapeutic procedures, timing of the definitive treatment, surgical approaches, osteosynthesis of the posterior and anterior segments, complications and lasting sequelae. The authors regard the issue of surgical treatment as an independent discipline in the field of musculoskeletal system traumatology. They see the reason for it in the variability and complexity of primary therapeutic procedures and the necessity of following up and attending to the patients in whom treatment of complications and lasting sequelae requires multi-disciplinary co-operation.

[The role of plain radiography in pelvic trauma in the era of advanced computed tomography].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of plain X-ray images in the diagnosis of pelvic ring injury in comparison with CT findings.

Material And Methods: The group evaluated consisted of 30 patients, 11 women and 19 men, at an average age of 46 years (range, 20-81 years; women, 20-68 years, men, 20-81 years; average age, 49 and 44 years in women and men, respectively) in whom plain radiography and CT scans were done as part of the initial examination. A retrospective assessment of plain X-ray images was carried out by two independent specialists (radiologist and trauma surgeon).