Gut microbiota alterations are associated with phenotype and genotype in familial Mediterranean fever.

Objective: FMF is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease associated with MEFV mutations. Disease phenotype and response to treatment vary from one patient to another, despite similar genotype, suggesting the role of environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyse the gut microbiota of a large cohort of FMF patients in relation to disease characteristics.

Impairment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling promotes hepatic disorders in cancer cachexia.

Background: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is expressed in the intestine and liver, where it has pleiotropic functions and target genes. This study aims to explore the potential implication of AHR in cancer cachexia, an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome contributing to cancer death. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that targeting AHR can alleviate cachectic features, particularly through the gut-liver axis.

From In Vitro to In Vivo: A Rational Flowchart for the Selection and Characterization of Candidate Probiotic Strains in Intestinal Disorders.

Experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated the potential of probiotic strains in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there is little data on what the methodology leading to the identification of such strains should be. In this work, we propose a new flowchart to identify strains with probiotic potential for the management of IBS and IBD, which we tested on a collection of 39 lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria strains.

Rewiring the altered tryptophan metabolism as a novel therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Objective: The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp metabolism end-products are essential to intestinal homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of metabolites from the kynurenine pathway.

CARD9 in neutrophils protects from colitis and controls mitochondrial metabolism and cell survival.

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and environmental factors, leading to alterations in the gastrointestinal immune response and chronic inflammation. Caspase recruitment domain 9 (), one of the IBD susceptibility genes, has been shown to protect against intestinal inflammation and fungal infection. However, the cell types and mechanisms involved in the CARD9 protective role against inflammation remain unknown.

Human CD4+CD8α+ Tregs induced by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii protect against intestinal inflammation.

Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a dominant bacterium of the human microbiota that exhibits antiinflammatory effects, is decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In humans, colonic lamina propria contains IL-10-secreting, Foxp3- Tregs characterized by a double expression of CD4 and CD8α (DP8α) and a specificity for F. prausnitzii.

Alteration of the gut microbiota following SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with disease severity in hamsters.

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut-to-lung axis is critical during respiratory viral infections. We herein hypothesized that disruption of gut homeostasis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may associate with early disease outcomes. To address this question, we took advantage of the Syrian hamster model.