Age-related alterations in the oscillatory dynamics serving verbal working memory processing.

Working memory (WM) is a foundational cognitive function involving the temporary storage of information. Unfortunately, WM is also one of the most sensitive cognitive functions to the detrimental effects of aging. Expanding the field's understanding of age-related WM changes is critical to advancing the development of strategies to mitigate age-related WM declines.

Movement-related beta and gamma oscillations indicate parallels and disparities between Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

People with HIV (PWH) often develop HIV-related neurological impairments known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), but cognitive dysfunction in older PWH may also be due to age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Discerning these two conditions is challenging since the specific neural characteristics are not well understood and limited studies have probed HAND and AD spectrum (ADS) directly. We examined the neural dynamics underlying motor processing during cognitive interference using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 22 biomarker-confirmed patients on the ADS, 22 older participants diagnosed with HAND, and 30 healthy aging controls.

Oscillatory markers of neuroHIV-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease during attentional interference processing.

People with HIV (PWH) frequently experience mild cognitive decline, which is typically attributed to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). However, such declines could also be a sign of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older PWH. Distinguishing these two pathologies in PWH is exceedingly difficult, as there is a major knowledge gap regarding their neural and neuropsychological bases.

Convergent and divergent oscillatory aberrations during visuospatial processing in HIV-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Adults with HIV frequently develop a form of mild cognitive impairment known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), but presumably cognitive decline in older persons with HIV could also be attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, distinguishing these two conditions in individual patients is exceedingly difficult, as the distinct neural and neuropsychological features are poorly understood and most studies to date have only investigated HAND or AD spectrum (ADS) disorders in isolation. The current study examined the neural dynamics underlying visuospatial processing using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 31 biomarker-confirmed patients on the ADS, 26 older participants who met criteria for HAND, and 31 older cognitively normal controls.

Differences in Rhythmic Neural Activity Supporting the Temporal and Spatial Cueing of Attention.

The neural processes serving the orienting of attention toward goal-relevant stimuli are generally examined with informative cues that direct visual attention to a spatial location. However, cues predicting the temporal emergence of an object are also known to be effective in attentional orienting but are implemented less often. Differences in the neural oscillatory dynamics supporting these divergent types of attentional orienting have only rarely been examined.

Utilizing transcranial alternating current stimulation and functional neuroimaging to investigate human sensory adaptation.

Sensory adaptation is the reduction of neural activity after repeated exposure to a stimulus. In a recent study, Kar et al. (Kar K, Ito T, Cole MW, Krekelberg B.