Endoscopic Transorbital Resection of Temporal Pole Cavernoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

An endoscopic transorbital approach has been recently included in the neurosurgical armamentarium.1 We present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with a history of recent-onset refractory epilepsy related to a left temporal pole cavernoma operated through a superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach. The operative video shows the key surgical steps to ensure optimal surgical freedom, adequate exposure, and complete tumor resection.

Metagenomic and Recombination Analyses of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes from Recreational Waters of Black Sea Coastal Areas and Other Marine Environments Unveil Extensive Evidence for Their both Intrageneric and Intergeneric Transmission across Genetically Very Diverse Microbial Communities.

Microbial communities of marine coastal recreation waters have become large reservoirs of AMR genes (ARGs), contributing to the emergence and transmission of various zoonotic, foodborne and other infections that exhibit resistance to various antibiotics. Thus, it is highly imperative to determine ARGs assemblages as well as mechanisms and trajectories of their transmission across these microbial communities for our better understanding of the evolutionary trends of AMR (AMR). In this study, using metagenomics approaches, we screened for ARGs in recreation waters of the Black Sea coastal areas of the Batumi City (Georgia).

Bacteriophage-Mediated Risk Pathways Underlying the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance via Intrageneric and Intergeneric Recombination of Antibiotic Efflux Genes Across Natural populations of Human Pathogenic Bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a significant and growing threat to global public health, being driven by the emerging drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of human and animal bacterial pathogens. While bacteriophages are generally known to be one of the vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), it remains largely unclear how these organisms contribute to the dissemination of the genetic loci encoding for antibiotic efflux pumps, especially those that confer multidrug resistance, in bacteria. In this study, the in-silico recombination analyses provided strong statistical evidence for bacteriophage-mediated intra-species recombination of ARGs, encoding mainly for the antibiotic efflux proteins from the MF superfamily, as well as from the ABC and RND families, in Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Ultrastructure of hippocampal field CA1 in rats after status epilepticus induced by systemic administration of kainic acid.

The ultrastructure of hippocampal field CA1 in rats was studied 14 days after status epilepticus induced by administration of kainic acid. Structural changes were seen in 40% of cells, predominantly interneurons, which showed both reversible changes (mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix or small numbers of short cristae, moderate dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisterns, and small numbers of ribosomes) and more significant abnormalities: swollen mitochondria with very small numbers of cristae, which were partially degraded, some with damaged mitochondrial membranes, along with pathologically damaged RER components and focal or peripheral chromatolysis. Chromatolyzed areas sometimes contained membrane-like includes and vacuoles.

[Quantitative analysis of gliocytes and macrogliocyte-neuronal ratio in the rat hippocampus after kindling].

Gliosis is one of the main morphological correlates of epilepsy. It is presented predominantly by proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes and activated microglia (macrophages) and is most characteristic to those areas of the epileptogenic zones, where the loss of neurons is significant. One of such structures is the hippocampus, the sclerosis of which develops already at the early stages of epileptogenesis.

[The influence of myo-inositol on the ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 area in kainate treated rats].

The ultrastructure of neurons, synapses and astrocytes of hippocampal CA1 area in rats was investigated 14 days after: systemic injection of kainic acid and kainic acid and myo-Inositol. After injection of kainic acid numerous neurons with superficial and deep ultrastructural changes of cytoplasmic organelles were described. Among synapses numerous forms with osmiophilic active zone and single synaptic vesicles, also presynaptic terminals with core vesicles were often seen.

Effect of acoustic stimulation on cell composition of auditory brain structures in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats.

We studied the effect of acoustic stimulation on cell composition of auditory brain structures in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats. Significant structural changes in the inferior colliculi of rats with high seizure activity were revealed 1 month after acoustic stimulation. Therefore, this brain structure plays a role in the development of audiogenic epileptic activity.

[The pathogenetic and prognostic value of autonomic-hormonal shifts in ischemic stroke].

The paper deals with a study into the status of the autonomic nervous system and hormonal homeostasis in 58 patients with ischemic brain stroke. The blood content of cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The data obtained point to the differences in the degree of vegetative and hormonal imbalance depending on hemispheric lateralization of a pathological focus and the level of brain injury.

[Diagnosis and treatment of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome].

An analysis of clinical data concerning 13 patients with nonpurulent inflammation of the external wall of the cavernous sinus (or the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) permitted the authors to come to the conclusion that as a result of administration of steroid preparations the assessment of some diagnostical criteria is somewhat altered. At the same time of certain diagnostical value is the rapid therapeutical effect of steroid preparations as well as the criteria proposed by the authors-- the connection between the onset of the disease and some infectious disease (most frequently catarrh of the upper airway) and a combined lesions of the oculomotor nerves and sympathic periarterial fibres of the internal carotid artery without marked exophthalmus.