Providing Tobacco Treatment in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Individuals with mental illnesses (MIs) are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related disease burden because of higher tobacco use prevalence and poor tobacco treatment outcomes. This pilot study examines the outcomes of delivering an evidence-based tobacco treatment program (the Cooper-Clayton program) in a community mental health setting.

Design: A prospective nonequivalent group design was used to assess outcomes.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Among Persons With Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Objectives: It is common practice to individualize smoking cessation pharmacotherapy based on clinical judgment and patient response. However, little has been documented about the use and outcomes of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in real-world settings. This study examines factors associated with using smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and related outcomes among smokers with psychiatric and/or substance use disorders who completed an intensive tobacco treatment program within mental health and addiction services settings in Vancouver, Canada.

Smoking Behaviors and Medical Co-Morbidities in Patients With Mental Illnesses.

Correlations among smoking behaviors and co-morbid medical illnesses were examined among 982 smokers with mental illnesses enrolled in a smoking cessation program within Mental Health and Addictions Services in Vancouver, Canada. Significant correlates among individuals with psychotic disorders included associations between a history of emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease and cigarettes smoked per day (r's=.35, p≤.

Breastfeeding Practices among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.

. Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of obesity in the early and adult years. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) experience high rates of obesity which is often obfuscated with aggregated data.

Smoking on the margins: a comprehensive analysis of a municipal outdoor smoke-free policy.

Background: This study examined the formulation, adoption, and implementation of a ban on smoking in the parks and beaches in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods: Informed by Critical Multiplism, we explored the policy adoption process, support for and compliance with a local bylaw prohibiting smoking in parks and on beaches, experiences with enforcement, and potential health equity issues through a series of qualitative and quantitative studies.

Results: Findings suggest that there was unanimous support for the introduction of the bylaw among policy makers, as well as a high degree of positive public support.

Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral symptoms among college students.

Objective: To examine the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral effects of exposure among never- and ever-smoking college students.

Participants: Participants were 665 college students at a large, southeastern university in the United States.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of online cross-sectional survey data from randomly selected students in April 2013.

A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: Smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation.

Objectives: To examine the association between secondhand tobacco smoke exposure (SHSe) and smoking behaviors (smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation).

Methods: Terms and keywords relevant to smoking behaviors and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure were used in a search of the PubMed database. Searches were limited to English language peer-reviewed studies up till December 2013.

Gender, smoking and tobacco reduction and cessation: a scoping review.

Considerations of how gender-related factors influence smoking first appeared over 20 years ago in the work of critical and feminist scholars. This scholarship highlighted the need to consider the social and cultural context of women's tobacco use and the relationships between smoking and gender inequity. Parallel research on men's smoking and masculinities has only recently emerged with some attention being given to gender influences on men's tobacco use.

Smoking cessation outcomes and predictors among individuals with co-occurring substance use and/or psychiatric disorders.

Objective: Individuals with substance use and psychiatric disorders have a high prevalence of tobacco use disorders and are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear how having co-occurring disorders affects tobacco cessation. Our aim was to examine smoking cessation outcomes and relevant predictors of smoking cessation among smokers with substance use and/or psychiatric disorders.

An examination of exposure and avoidance behavior related to second-hand cigarette smoke among adolescent girls in Canada.

Background: Although rates of tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) are declining in Canada, SHS exposure among non-smoking adolescents remains high. This study aimed to describe frequency, locations, and avoidance behavior related to SHS exposure among adolescent girls in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 841 adolescent girls aged 13 to 15 years old who completed an internet-delivered survey as part of a cohort study examining SHS exposure and substance use.

Racially classified social group differences in cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and readiness to quit.

The purpose was to determine racially classified social group differences in smoking, nicotine dependence, and readiness to quit between African American and Caucasian smokers. The cross-sectional study included 53 African American and 839 Caucasian smokers participating in a larger population-based cessation intervention study. Data were analyzed from the interview conducted before the intervention; half of the participants were in the treatment group, recruited from those who had joined a cessation contest, whereas control group participants were recruited using random-digit dialing and were not in the contest.

Correlates of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among individuals with a history of substance use and/or psychiatric disorders participating in a tobacco treatment program in Vancouver, Canada.

Individuals with substance use (SUD) and/or psychiatric disorders (PD) are disproportionately affected by tobacco use; yet, little is known about secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in these populations. An analysis of existing data examined SHS exposure among 497 smokers in community clinics in Vancouver, Canada. Seventy-percent of the participants reported SHS exposure.

Initial impact of tailored web-based messages about cigarette smoke and breast cancer risk on boys' and girls' risk perceptions and information seeking: randomized controlled trial.

Background: Recent evidence indicates a causal link between both active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and breast cancer (BC).

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the initial reactions of girls and boys to tailored Web-based messages that describe the relationship between SHS and BC, using a parallel, single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This trial was nested within a cycle of an ongoing longitudinal study of 1498 students from 74 secondary schools.

The gender-specific association between asthma and the need to smoke tobacco.

Objectives: To examine the associations between multidimensional tobacco dependence and youths' asthma status with gender as an effect modifier.

Background: Despite the adverse respiratory effects, some adolescents with asthma smoke tobacco. Girls and boys have been shown to have different motivations for tobacco use.

A content analysis of media coverage of the introduction of a smoke-free bylaw in Vancouver parks and beaches.

The Board of Parks and Recreation in Vancouver, BC approved a smoke-free bylaw in the city's parks, beaches and recreational facilities, effective 1 September 2010. We analyzed local news coverage and portrayal of the bylaw to understand the potential influence of news media on public perception of the bylaw in order to inform the media advocacy work of public health interest groups. We compiled a data set of newspaper articles (n = 90) and conducted a quantitative content analysis to examine content related to the outdoor smoke-free policy, including article slant, topics related to smoking and tobacco control, and any equity-related concerns raised.

Support for a smoke-free bylaw in parks and on beaches.

Background: In September 2010, Vancouver, Canada enacted a smoke-free bylaw in parks and on beaches.

Objective: To examine demographic and attitudinal factors associated with the public opinion on Vancouver's outdoor smoke-free bylaw.

Methods: From 496 randomly selected Vancouver residents, information on demographics, smoking status, and opinions and support for or opposition to the smoke-free bylaw were obtained by telephone surveys.

Does household structure affect adolescent smoking?

Objectives: To examine household structure when studying determinants of youth smoking, as the configuration of a family is an important factor in the etiology of adolescent problem behaviors.

Design And Sample: The study sample (n = 13,001) included respondents aged 12-19 years who were either living in two-parent households, single-parent households, or no-parent households, and with valid response to the smoking status questions from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Measures: Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the presence and strength of the association between household structure and the likelihood of smoking while controlling for age, sex, household education, and exposure to secondhand smoking.

Smoking cessation programs targeted to women: a systematic review.

The authors of this systematic review aimed to examine tobacco interventions developed to meet the needs of women, to identify sex- and gender-specific components, and to evaluate their effects on smoking cessation in women. The authors searched electronic databases in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, PsychINFO, CINHAL, and EMBASE; the search was not restricted by publication date. Data was extracted from published peer-reviewed articles on participants, setting, treatment models, interventions, length of follow-up, and outcomes.

Smoking and predictors of nicotine dependence in a homeless population.

Objective: To assess prevalence rates of tobacco use and dependence in a sample of homeless individuals and to investigate trends for demographic and clinical characteristics across different levels of nicotine dependence (nonsmokers vs. lowly dependent smokers vs. highly dependent smokers).

Sex differences in smoking cessation outcomes of a tailored program for individuals with substance use disorders and mental illness.

Tobacco use is highly prevalent among individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) and/or mental illness (MI). Despite evidence of differences in smoking cessation (SC) outcomes between women and men, few studies have formally evaluated sex differences among SUD and/or MI populations. For 258 participants (62% male, mean age=48.

The tobacco-dependence clinic: intensive tobacco-dependence treatment in an addiction services outpatient setting.

We present outcomes from an intensive tobacco-dependence treatment program for addiction services clients at three different sites. Data from 202 participants were analyzed. For individuals who completed the program, the abstinence rate was 43%.

Gender-specific profiles of tobacco use among non-institutionalized people with serious mental illness.

Background: In many countries, smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death. In North America, reductions in population smoking levels are stabilising and, in recent years, those involved in tobacco control programming have turned their attention to particular segments of society that are at greatest risk for tobacco use. One such group is people with mental illness.

Differences in the smoking identities of adolescent boys and girls.

Objective: To assess sex-disaggregated differences in youths' characterizations of their own smoking behavior.

Method: Cross-sectional data including demographics (sex, age, and grade level), perceived addiction to tobacco, Dimensions of Tobacco Dependence Scale (DTDS) scores, the Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (M-FTQ) scores, smoking history, and self-reported smoking identity were collected from questionnaires administered to 7246 students in British Columbia, Canada. Differences in tobacco dependence by sex and by smoking identity were examined.

Empirical support for a multi-dimensional model of sensations experienced by youth during their initial smoking episodes.

Aims: To examine the dimensionality of sensations experienced during initial tobacco smoking.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Thirteen secondary schools located in British Columbia, Canada.

Correlates of smoking among adolescents with asthma.

Aims And Objective: This study examined the correlates of smoking among asthmatic adolescents to gain a better understanding of who is at particular risk.

Background: Smoking is especially harmful to individuals with asthma. However, smoking is surprisingly prevalent among asthmatic individuals, with prevalence rates similar to or higher than those of the general adult or adolescent populations.