Effect of hypoxia on norepinephrine of various tissues in rats.

Objective: To determine the effects of hypoxia and hypoxic exercise (HE) on the norepinephrine levels of various tissues in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: an HE group (n = 6), a hypoxic-sedentary (HS) group (n = 6), and a normoxic-sedentary (NS) group (n = 6). The HE rats had access, ad lib, to an exercise wheel for 8 weeks.

Effects of hypoxia and hypoxic training on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and glutathione levels in the liver.

The effects of hypoxia and hypoxic training on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and on glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the liver of rats were evaluated. Rats were divided into 3 groups: a hypoxia and exercise (HE) group, a hypoxia and sedentary (HS) group, and a normoxia and sedentary (NS) group. The liver 8-OHdG levels were lower in the HE and HS groups compared with the NS group (P <.

Effects of long-term hypoxia and hypoxic exercise on brain monoamine levels in rat.

This study clarified the effects of long-term hypoxia and hypoxic exercise on monoamines in the whole brain, and in four specific regions of the rat brain. The male Wistar rat progenitors (P1 group) were randomly assigned to three groups: hypoxia (16.0% oxygen) and exercise (MHE-P1), hypoxia and sedentary (MHS-P1), normoxia and sedentary (MNS-P1).

Why (--)deprenyl prolongs survivals of experimental animals: increase of anti-oxidant enzymes in brain and other body tissues as well as mobilization of various humoral factors may lead to systemic anti-aging effects.

(--)Deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitor is known to upregulate activities of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in brain dopaminergic regions. The drug is also the sole chemical which has been repeatedly shown to increase life spans of several animal species including rats, mice, hamsters and dogs. Further, the drug was recently found to enhance anti-oxidant enzyme activities not only in brain dopaminergic regions but also in extra-brain tissues such as the heart, kidneys, adrenal glands and the spleen.

Pharmacological interventions in aging and age-associated disorders: potentials of propargylamines for human use.

Past studies including our own have confirmed that chronic administration of deprenyl can prolong life spans of at least four different animal species. Pretreatment with the drug for several weeks increases activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in selective brain regions. An up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities can also be induced in organs such as the heart, kidney, spleen, and adrenal gland, and all are accompanied by an increase in mRNA levels for SODs in these organs.