Two cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia with different responses to macrolide treatment.

We herein report two cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) with different responses to macrolides. Case 1: a 17-year-old Japanese man with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and combined defect of both inner and outer dynein arms in the cilia was unsuccessfully treated with long-term macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin). Case 2: a 70-year-old Japanese man with deficiency of only the inner dynein arm was successfully treated with clarithromycin.

The short chain sugar acid, 2-buten-4-olide, activates oxytocin-secreting neurons but not arginine vasopressin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamus of rats.

The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 2-buten-4-olide (2-B4O), an endogenous sugar acid, on the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system were examined in rats.