Thymic Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Study.

Thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare tumor, and its characteristics remain to be clarified. Here we investigated 20 cases of thymic MEC to systematically characterize its clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features. The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 19 to 80 y), there was a slight male predilection (3:2), and 44% of the patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis.

Successful treatment of bilateral multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in a patient with brain abscess and severe hypoxemia using a combination of transcatheter embolotherapy and surgical resection: a case report.

Background: A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal dilated blood vessel that makes direct communication between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein and can be associated with hypoxemia or neurological complications, including brain abscess and cerebral infarction. Treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation includes surgical resection and transcatheter embolotherapy, however the adaptation of therapies should be considered when a patient is in bad condition.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old man was admitted after developing fever, consciousness disorder, and hypoxemia.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with previously treated lung cancer.

Purpose: The sampling and accurate diagnosis of lymph nodes during the clinical history of lung cancer are essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in patients with previously treated lung cancer.

Methods: Patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA after treatment for lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed.

Differential gene analysis during the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine orthotopic lung transplantation model: A comprehensive transcriptome-based analysis.

Background: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a known issue during minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) disparity during lung transplantation. This study evaluated gene expression in a murine orthotropic lung transplantation model using microarray analysis.

Methods: Left lungs from C57BL/10(H-2b) donor mice were transplanted into mHA-mismatched C57BL/6(H-2b) recipient mice.

The probability of nodal metastasis in novel T-factor: the applicability of sublobar resection.

Background: Recently sublobar resection is often indicated for small-sized peripheral lung cancer according to size or the consolidation/tumor ratio on CT; however, the T-factor classification drastically changed in the 8 version. We investigated the relationship between a novel clinical T-factor classification, which includes other clinical information and the pathologic N-factor, to evaluate the applicability of the novel T-factor classification to sublobar resection.

Methods: From January 2013 to October 2017, 545 patients with cTis or cT1 lung cancer underwent surgery.

The combination of endobronchial elastography and sonographic findings during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for predicting nodal metastasis.

Background: During endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), the sonographic findings of B-mode imaging, as well as endobronchial elastography, can be obtained noninvasively and used for the prediction of nodal metastasis.

Methods: Patients with lung cancer or suspected lung cancer who underwent EBUS-TBNA were recorded prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Both the B-mode sonographic and elastographic findings were independently evaluated for each lymph node.

Surgical outcome of pulmonary artery reconstruction using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch in patients with lung cancer.

Purpose: Pulmonary artery reconstruction is sometimes utilized as an alternative to pneumonectomy in lung cancer surgery. We herein report our experience of pulmonary artery reconstruction using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch based on the surgical results and long-term outcome.

Methods: Clinical records of lung cancer patients who underwent patch plasty were reviewed retrospectively.

Molecular Nodal Staging Using miRNA Expression in Lung Cancer Patients by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration.

Background: The limited negative predictive value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has often been discussed.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify a highly sensitive molecular biomarker for lymph node staging by EBUS-TBNA.

Methods: Five microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and let-7e) were selected as biomarker candidates for the detection of nodal metastasis in a miRNA expression analysis.

Sclerosing pneumocytoma diagnosed by preoperative endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Background: Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare lung tumor that is usually recognized as a solitary nodule in the lung. Surgical removal is recommended; however, its clinical diagnosis is still an issue because it is difficult to differentiate from lung adenocarcinomas using a tiny sample obtained from biopsy.

Case Presentation: We report a case of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma located in the upper lobe of the right lung of a 34-year-old woman, which was diagnosed before surgery by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Pathological diagnosis of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Background: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a relatively rare subtype of lung malignancy. According to revised 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the pathological diagnosis of LCNEC, neuroendocrine markers must be examined by immunohistochemistry. In this study, we reevaluated endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) samples of patients previously diagnosed with LCNEC using the revised WHO criteria.

[Corrigendum] Aberrant methylation of CXCL12 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis.

The PCR panels presented in Figs. 1 and 2 are incorrect. The authors provide the correct figures below.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the pleura:report of a case.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor occurring very rarely in the pleura. We herein report the case of 67-year-old man with asbestos exposure, who underwent biopsies of the large tumor from the chest wall, and diagnosed as a suspicious of fibrosarcoma. Surgical resection was done, and the pathological diagnosis was extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising from the pleura.

In vivo microscopic imaging of the bronchial mucosa using an endo-cytoscopy system.

Objectives: We investigated the capabilities of an endo-cytoscopy system (ECS) that enables microscopic imaging of the tracheobronchial tree during bronchoscopy, including normal bronchial epithelium, dysplastic mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: The newly developed ECS has a 3.2 mm diameter that can be passed through the 4.

Narrow band imaging with high-resolution bronchovideoscopy: a new approach for visualizing angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Objectives: We investigated the ability of a high-resolution bronchovideoscopy system with narrow band imaging (NBI) to detect blood vessel structures in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of bronchi, as well as squamous dysplasia.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with either abnormal sputum cytology or lung cancer were entered into the study. First, high-resolution bronchovideoscopy with white light was performed.

The utility of sonographic features during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for lymph node staging in patients with lung cancer: a standard endobronchial ultrasound image classification system.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure with a high yield for lymph node staging of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of sonographic features of lymph nodes during EBUS-TBNA for the prediction of metastasis in patients with lung cancer and to establish a standard endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) image classification system.

Methods: Digital images of lymph nodes obtained during EBUS-TBNA in patients with lung cancer were categorized according to the following characteristics: (1) size (short axis) less or more than 1 cm, (2) shape (oval or round), (3) margin (indistinct or distinct), (4) echogenicity (homogeneous or heterogeneous), (5) presence or absence of central hilar structure, and (6) presence or absence of coagulation necrosis sign.

The secreted form of p28 subunit of interleukin (IL)-27 inhibits biological functions of IL-27 and suppresses anti-allogeneic immune responses.

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a new IL-12-related heterodimeric cytokine comprising a novel p28 molecule and the Epstein-Barr-virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) molecules. It augments initiation of T helper type 1-mediated immunity by enhancing the proliferation and cytokine production of T cells. In this study, we examined whether a secreted form of IL-27 subunits would inhibit IL-27-mediated immunological responses.

Trends of bacterial colonisation and the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a high risk of developing postoperative pneumonia (POP). This study aims to investigate the impact of COPD on POP and the trends for perioperative bronchial colonisation by micro-organisms.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was made for 626 patients who underwent lung cancer surgeries at the Chiba University Hospital between 1996 and 2005.

The role of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis--comparisons with other bronchoscopic diagnostic modalities.

Background: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires both compatible clinical features and pathologic findings as a means to exclude other differential diagnoses. The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for diagnosis of sarcoidosis has been reported, although its indication remains unclear for cases of suspicious sarcoidosis. To clarify the role of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, we compared three diagnostic modalities: EBUS-TBNA, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis (BAL).

Anti-type V collagen humoral immunity in lung transplant primary graft dysfunction.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major complication following lung transplantation. We reported that anti-type V collagen (col(V)) T cell immunity was strongly associated with PGD. However, the role of preformed anti-col(V) Abs and their potential target in PGD are unknown.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of intrapulmonary lesions.

Background: The diagnosis of centrally located intrapulmonary tumors not visible on bronchoscopy may be a challenge. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes. However, there have been no reports of the utility of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of intrapulmonary tumors.

Nuclear survivin in pN2 nonsmall cell lung cancer: prognostic and clinical implications.

Patients with N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer (N2-NSCLC) represent heterogeneous groups. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. If N2-NSCLC patients could be stratified, based on survivin expression and/or its relation to cell cycle proteins, into homogeneous subgroups, certain therapies could be selected for those patients.

Aberrant methylation of CXCL12 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis.

Chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, aberrant methylation of CXCL12 has not been examined in NSCLC. CXCL12 mRNA expression and methylation were examined in 17 NSCLC cell lines by RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR (MSP).

Role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the management of lung cancer.

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a promising new modality first introduced during the early 1990s. The radial probe EBUS was initially developed seeking for high-resolution imaging of processes in the airway wall and outside the airways. The structure of special importance was lymph nodes, walls of the central airways, and the mediastinum.