gen. nov., sp. nov., within the new family fam. nov., and gen. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., belonging to the class .

The aerobic, Gram-positive, mesophilic strains, Uno17, SOSP1-1, 1-9, 1-30 and 150040, formed mycelia of irregularly branched filaments, produced spores or sporangia, and numerous secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The five strains grew at 15-40 °C (optimally at 30 °C) and pH 4.0-8.

sp. nov., belonging to the class , isolated from soil of the Mt Zao volcano.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, mesophilic strain, W12, was isolated from soil of the Mt Zao volcano in Miyagi, Japan. Cells were filamentous, non-motile, and grew at 20-37 °C (optimally at 30 °C), at pH 5.0-7.

Formation of sporangiospores in Dictyobacter aurantiacus (class Ktedonobacteria in phylum Chloroflexi).

Currently, actinomycetes and myxobacteria are the only bacteria believed to form sporangia. Here, we describe a sporangium-forming process identified in Dictyobacter aurantiacus strain S27 belonging to the class Ktedonobacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi. Microscopic observations showed that strain S27 forms a substrate mycelium and subsequently produces globose or subglobose terminal sporangia arising from the vegetative mycelia through short stalk cells.

Genome Features and Secondary Metabolites Biosynthetic Potential of the Class .

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the decrease in novel antibiotic discovery in recent years necessitates the identification of potentially novel microbial resources to produce natural products. , a class of deeply branched bacterial lineage in the ancient phylum , are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and characterized by their large genome size and complex life cycle. These characteristics indicate as a potential active producer of bioactive compounds.

Tengunoibacter tsumagoiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Dictyobacter kobayashii sp. nov., Dictyobacter alpinus sp. nov., and description of Dictyobacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Ktedonobacterales isolated from Tengu-no-mugimeshi, a soil-like granular mass of micro-organisms, and emended descriptions of the genera Ktedonobacter and Dictyobacter.

Three mesophilic, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strains, designated Uno3, Uno11 and Uno16, were isolated from a soil-like granular micro-organism mass (termed Tengu-no-mugimeshi) collected from Tsumagoi, Gunma, Japan. They grow at 11-37 °C and pH 4.0-8.

Thermogemmatispora aurantia sp. nov. and Thermogemmatispora argillosa sp. nov., within the class Ktedonobacteria, and emended description of the genus Thermogemmatispora.

Two thermophilic, aerobic, Gram-stain-positive Ktedonobacteria strains, A1-2 and A3-2, were isolated from geothermal soil in Japan. The strains formed orange-coloured colonies on 10-fold diluted Reasoner's 2A medium, followed by formation of branched aerial mycelium with multiple grape-like spores. Both strains hydrolysed casein, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, chitin and xylan, but did not liquify gelatin.

Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from pobuzihi (fermented cummingcordia), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan.

Lactobacillus pobuzihii is a novel species which has been previously found in pobuzihi (fermented cummingcordia), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. However, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in pobuzihi has not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from pobuzihi were isolated, identified, and characterized.