pLG72 levels increase in early phase of Alzheimer's disease but decrease in late phase.

pLG72, named as D-amino acid oxidase activator (although it is not an activator of D-amino acid oxidase demonstrated by later studies), in mitochondria has been regarded as an important modulator of D-amino acid oxidase that can regulate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Both oxidative stress in mitochondria and NMDAR neurotransmission play essential roles in the process of neurodegenerative dementia. The aim of the study was to investigate whether pLG72 levels changed with the severity of neurodegenerative dementia.

Altered mRNA expressions for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related genes in WBC of patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder. The lack of well-established biomarkers hinders its diagnosis, treatment, and new-drug development. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD.

Combination of Genetic Variation and G72 Protein Level to Detect Schizophrenia: Machine Learning Approaches.

The (, also known as ) gene is a strong schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Higher G72 protein levels have been implicated in patients with schizophrenia. The current study aimed to differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and G72 protein levels by leveraging computational artificial intelligence and machine learning tools.

PICK1 Genetic Variation and Cognitive Function in Patients with Schizophrenia.

The gene of protein interacting with C kinase 1 alpha (PICK1) has been implicated in schizophrenia, nevertheless, conflicting results existed. However, its role in cognitive function remains unclear. Besides, cognitive deficits impair the long-term outcome.

Decreased mRNA expression for the two subunits of system xc(-), SLC3A2 and SLC7A11, in WBC in patients with schizophrenia: Evidence in support of the hypo-glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Background: The cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(-), playing a critical role in the regulation of glutamate release, might be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This study examined whether peripheral expressions of the system xc(-) subunits are characteristic of schizophrenia.

Methods: Expression of system xc(-) genes including SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 in peripheral WBCs of patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals were measured using quantitative PCR.

Electroconvulsive therapy improves clinical manifestation with plasma BDNF levels unchanged in treatment-resistant depression patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment in treatment-resistant depression; it may modulate intracellular processes in such patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and the clinical improvements after ECT for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Fifty-five inpatients with treatment-resistant depression were recruited.

RGS4 polymorphisms predict clinical manifestations and responses to risperidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: Polymorphisms of the gene encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling subtype 4 (RGS4) are associated with schizophrenia. This study aims to investigate the association of 4 RGS4 polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] 1, 4, 7, and 18), implicated in previous studies, with baseline symptoms and treatment response to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: One hundred twenty patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia who had never been treated by atypical antipsychotics were recruited.

Dopamine D3 receptor Ser9Gly polymorphism and risperidone response.

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent with efficacy for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Risperidone is a potent dopamine D3 antagonist and agonism at D3 sites induces behavioral suppression in rodents. We thus hypothesized that D3 antagonism may contribute to response to risperidone in negative symptoms.

Effects of dopamine D2 receptor Ser311Cys polymorphism and clinical factors on risperidone efficacy for positive and negative symptoms and social function.

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent with efficacy for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, what makes an antipsychotic 'atypical' remains unclear. We recently found that the T102C polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene could affect risperidone's efficacy for negative symptoms.

Risperidone response and 5-HT6 receptor gene variance: genetic association analysis with adjustment for nongenetic confounders.

Previous genetic-response studies, usually without considering environmental factors, encountered great difficulties in replication of results. Although atypical antipsychotics are becoming the mainstay for schizophrenia treatment which makes an antipsychotic "atypical" remains unclear. Risperidone (a widely used atypical antipsychotic agent) and several other atypicals have high affinities for 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors.