Building a Low-Cost Wireless Biofeedback Solution: Applying Design Science Research Methodology.

In recent years, affective computing has emerged as a promising approach to studying user experience, replacing subjective methods that rely on participants' self-evaluation. Affective computing uses biometrics to recognize people's emotional states as they interact with a product. However, the cost of medical-grade biofeedback systems is prohibitive for researchers with limited budgets.

Time Pressure Affects the Risk Preference and Outcome Evaluation.

It is ubiquitous that food delivery riders do not have unlimited periods of time for deliberation to make decisions. Time pressure plays a significant role in decision-making processes. This study investigated how time pressure affected risk preference and outcome evaluation through behavioral and electrophysiological responses during decision-making.

Effects of virtual target size, position, and parallax on vergence-accommodation conflict as estimated by actual gaze.

Due to the increased utilization of stereoscopic displays, the scope of the vergence-accommodation conflict has been studied extensively to reveal how the human visual system operates. The purpose of this work was to study the phenomenon of vergence-accommodation conflict by comparing the theoretical eye vergence angle (vergence response) and gaze-based eye vergence angle (vergence stimulus) based on eye tracker gaze data. The results indicated that the gaze-based eye vergence angle was largest at the greatest parallax.

Effects of mental fatigue on risk preference and feedback processing in risk decision-making.

Mental fatigue is a common phenomenon in modern people, especially after a long period of mental work. Individuals frequently have to make critical decisions when in a mentally fatigued state. As an important and complex cognitive function, risk decision-making might be influenced by mental fatigue, which is consequent with increased distraction and poor information processing.

The development of a mobile user interface ability evaluation system for the elderly.

This research aimed to develop a comprehensive evaluation of the mobile user interface abilities of the elderly so that technology can be designed to meet individualized needs. A total of 135 older adults were evaluated with the developed system, the Elderly Mobile User Interface Ability Evaluation System (EMUIAES). The prediction of age and the use of technology on elderly mobile interface usage were investigated based on the findings of the evaluation.

Prediction of the use of mobile device interfaces in the progressive aging process with the model of Fitts' law.

Purpose: As the population ages, so do the potential users of technology, and older adults' behaviors when using mobile device interfaces are becoming increasingly important. A representative model for detecting older adults' behaviors and performance on the use of mobile device interfaces is needed to provide individualized designs. This research aimed to investigate the applicability of the broadly used model of Fitts' law to detect the progressive changes in the use of mobile device interfaces in older adults.

The accuracy of the frontal extent in stereoscopic environments: A comparison of direct selection and virtual cursor techniques.

This experiment investigated the accuracy of distance judgment and perception of the frontal extent in a stereoscopic environment. Eight virtual targets were projected in a circular arrangement with two center-to-center target distances (18 cm and 36 cm) and three target sizes (0.6 cm, 1.

Eye Movement Parameters for Performance Evaluation in Projection-based Stereoscopic Display.

The current study applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the rela-tionship among index of difficulty (ID) and parallax on eye gaze movement time (EMT), fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TFF), number of fixation (NF), and eye gaze accuracy (AC) simultaneously. EMT, FD, TFF, NF, and AC were measured in the projec-tion-based stereoscopic display by utilizing Tobii eye tracker system. Ten participants were recruited to perform multi-directional tapping task using within-subject design with three different levels of parallax and six different levels of ID.

Impact of parallax and interpupillary distance on size judgment performances of virtual objects in stereoscopic displays.

Effective interactions in both real and stereoscopic environments require accurate perceptions of size and position. This study investigated the effects of parallax and interpupillary distance (IPD) on size perception of virtual objects in widescreen stereoscopic environments. Twelve participants viewed virtual spherical targets displayed at seven different depth positions, based on seven parallax levels.

The effect of parallax on eye fixation parameter in projection-based stereoscopic displays.

The promising technology of stereoscopic displays is interesting to explore because 3D virtual applications are widely known. Thus, this study investigated the effect of parallax on eye fixation in stereoscopic displays. The experiment was conducted in three different levels of parallax, in which virtual balls were projected at the screen, at 20 cm and 50 cm in front the screen.

Kinematic analysis of direct pointing in projection-based stereoscopic environments.

This work investigated the effects of visual information, parallax, and target positions on movement performances in projection-based stereoscopic displays (PSDs). Fifteen (26.5 ± 3.

Training Performance of Laparoscopic Surgery in Two- and Three-Dimensional Displays.

Introduction: This research investigated differences in the effects of a state-of-art stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3D) display and a traditional 2-dimensional (2D) display in simulated laparoscopic surgery over a longer duration than in previous publications and studied the learning effects of the 2 display systems on novices.

Methods: A randomized experiment with 2 factors, image dimensions and image sequence, was conducted to investigate differences in the mean movement time, the mean error frequency, NASA-TLX cognitive workload, and visual fatigue in pegboard and circle-tracing tasks.

Results: The stereoscopic 3D display had advantages in mean movement time ( P < .

Lifting speed preferences and their effects on the maximal lifting capacity.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate how lifting capacity and subjective preferences are affected by different lifting speeds. The maximum lifting capacity of lift was determined with three independent variables, lifting speed, lifting technique, and lifting height. Questionnaires were evaluated after the experiment by the participants for the lifting speed preferences.

The effects of gardening on quality of life in people with stroke.

Background: Compared with traditional rehabilitation, gardening has been viewed as a more occupation-based intervention to help patients improve functional performance. However, there is still a need for evidence-based research into what factors interact to create the beneficial effects of gardening for people who have sustained a cerebral vascular accident (CVA).

Objective: To explore how plant, gender, and the time after stroke onset influenced improvements in the quality of life of patients in a gardening program.

Effects of elevation change on mental stress in high-voltage transmission tower construction workers.

High-voltage transmission tower construction is a high-risk operation due to the construction site locations, extreme climatic factors, elevated working surfaces, and narrow working space. To comprehensively enhance our understanding of the psychophysiological phenomena of workers in extremely high tower constructions, we carried out a series of field experiments to test and compare three working surface heights in terms of frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Twelve experienced male workers participated in this experiment.

The Effects of Direction of Exertion, Path, and Load Placement in Nursing Cart Pushing and Pulling Tasks: An Electromyographical Study.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of direction of exertion (DOE) (pushing, pulling), path (walking in a straight line, turning left, walking uphill), and load placement (LP) (the 18 blocks were indicated by X, Y and Z axis; there were 3 levels on the X axis, 2 levels on the Y axis, and 3 levels on the Z axis) on muscle activity and ratings of perceived exertion in nursing cart pushing and pulling tasks. Ten participants who were female students and not experienced nurses were recruited to participate in the experiment. Each participant performed 108 experimental trials in the study, consisting of 2 directions of exertion (push and pull), 3 paths, and 18 load placements (indicated by X, Y and Z axes).

The postural and control-display gain effects of distal pointing on upper extremity fatigue.

Unlabelled: Pointing at displays from a distance is becoming common in both work and domestic environments. Ray-casting interaction is easy for novices to learn and understand, but this technique can cause physiological fatigue. To address this issue, the present study aims to investigate the issue of fatigue caused by joint-based pointing methods and Control-Display gains (CD gains) via Fitts' task.

An investigation of pointing postures in a 3D stereoscopic environment.

Many object pointing and selecting techniques for large screens have been proposed in the literature. There is a lack of quantitative evidence suggesting proper pointing postures for interacting with stereoscopic targets in immersive virtual environments. The objective of this study was to explore users' performances and experiences of using different postures while interacting with 3D targets remotely in an immersive stereoscopic environment.

Modeling movements of a long hand-held tool with effects of moments of inertia.

The current experiment aimed to investigate the effects of weight position on movement time in target acquisition tasks. Subsequently, a simple mathematical model was developed to describe the movement time with the moments of inertia. Ten right-handed participants conducted continuous Fitts pointing tasks using a laparoscopic instrument as a long hand-held tool.

Effects of load position and force direction on back muscle loading in one-wheeled wheelbarrow tasks.

Background: Various parameters related to pushing/pulling tasks have been examined yet the effects of changing the load position in one-wheeled wheelbarrow task has not been examined.

Objective: To explore the effects of load position and force direction on muscle activity during wheelbarrow tasks.

Participants: Nine participants were recruited to take part in the experiment.

Developing and evaluating a target-background similarity metric for camouflage detection.

Background: Measurement of camouflage performance is of fundamental importance for military stealth applications. The goal of camouflage assessment algorithms is to automatically assess the effect of camouflage in agreement with human detection responses. In a previous study, we found that the Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) correlated well with the psychophysical measures, and it could be a potentially camouflage assessment tool.

Evaluating camouflage design using eye movement data.

This study investigates the characteristics of eye movements during a camouflaged target search task. Camouflaged targets were randomly presented on two natural landscapes. The performance of each camouflage design was assessed by target detection hit rate, detection time, number of fixations on display, first saccade amplitude to target, number of fixations on target, fixation duration on target, and subjective ratings of search task difficulty.

The investigation of laparoscopic instrument movement control and learning effect.

Laparoscopic surgery avoids large incisions for intra-abdominal operations as required in conventional open surgery. Whereas the patient benefits from laparoscopic techniques, the surgeon encounters new difficulties that were not present during open surgery procedures. However, limited literature has been published in the essential movement characteristics such as magnification, amplitude, and angle.

Shoe sole tread designs and outcomes of slipping and falling on slippery floor surfaces.

A gait experiment was conducted under two shoe sole and three floor conditions. The shoe soles and floors were characterized by the tread and groove designs on the surface. The coefficients of friction (COF) on the floor in the target area were measured.