Determination of pyrethroid metabolites in human urine using liquid phase microextraction coupled in-syringe derivatization followed by gas chromatography/electron capture detection.

Metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids such as cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-di-methylcyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid, cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-fluoro-3-PBA are biomarkers for exposure to phenothrin, tetramethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin. In this study, the pyrethroid metabolites in workers' urine samples were monitored for the first time with a novel sample pretreatment process combining hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and in-syringe derivatization (ISD) followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. A micro-syringe pre-filled with derivatizing agents and syringe needle connected to an extracting solvent impregnated hollow fiber segment was used as the LPME probe.

Balanced rhinoplasty in an Oriental population.

Background: In Taiwan, augmentation rhinoplasty and double-eyelid blepharoplasty are the most popular aesthetic procedures. Although aesthetic concepts vary for different races, the current concept of nasal and facial beauty shows a tendency to correspond to that for white people. The authors present their 10-year experience with a simple and practical approach of simultaneous blepharoplasty and rhinoplasty.

Celebrity arcade suture blepharoplasty for double eyelid.

Background: In Taiwan, double-eyelid surgery is the most popular cosmetic surgical procedure. The technique preferred by plastic surgeons is the incision method because it is believed that this method can provide stable double-eyelid results. It is the authors' observation that patients prefer an invagination fold rather than a significantly high fold.