PARP-1 involves in UVB-induced inflammatory response in keratinocytes and skin injury via regulation of ROS-dependent EGFR transactivation and p38 signaling.

UV irradiation can injure the epidermis, resulting in sunburn, inflammation, and cutaneous tissue disorders. Previous studies demonstrate that EGFR in keratinocytes can be activated by UVB and contributes to inflammation. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme and plays an essential role in DNA repair under moderate stress.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy with three endoscopic features pleuroscopy.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a constant threat even with a worldwide active public health campaign. Diagnosis of TB pleurisy is challenging in the case of pleural effusion of unknown origin after aspiration analysis. The study was designed to demonstrate a simple image interpretation technique to differentiate TB pleurisy from non-TB pleurisy using semi-rigid pleuroscopy.

Evidence for increased intraabdominal pressure as a cause of recurrent migration of the distal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: illustrative case.

Background: Placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an effective treatment for several disorders of cerebrospinal fluid flow. A rare complication involves postoperative migration of the distal catheter out of the intraperitoneal compartment and into the subcutaneous space. Several theories attempt to explain this phenomenon, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Olanzapine for the prophylaxis and rescue of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review, meta-analysis, cumulative meta-analysis and fragility assessment of the literature.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to rigorously review the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in defined hematology oncology settings including (1) the setting of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) settings (2) at 5 mg and 10 mg doses, and (3) for response rates for use in the acute, delayed, and overall settings post-MEC and HEC.

Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through April 23, 2020. The primary efficacy endpoints were the rate of complete response, in the acute (0-24 h post-chemotherapy), delayed (24-120 h post-chemotherapy), and overall (0-120 h post-chemotherapy) phases.

Secondary and cumulative meta-analysis of olanzapine for antiemetic prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: do we still need to study its effectiveness?

Background: Olanzapine has been found to have antiemetic properties due to its ability to inhibit multiple serotonergic, dopaminergic, alpha-1 adrenergic and histamine receptors. In 2016, a meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on olanzapine in the prophylactic setting found olanzapine to be more efficacious than other standard antiemetics in the prophylactic setting. However, since the review, many clinical trials using olanzapine for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been published-in many cases, contending that further trials would further help elucidate the efficacy of olanzapine for CINV given the continued paucity of literature.

Significant relationship between parameters measured by transrectal color Doppler ultrasound and sexual dysfunction in patients with BPH 12 months after TURP.

Background: A link between sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been noticed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the standard treatment for symptomatic BPH, whether TURP causes sexual dysfunction is still uncertain. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between parameters measured by color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and sexual dysfunction in patients with BPH 12 months after TURP.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of olanzapine-containing antiemetic therapy for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) patients.

Purpose: Olanzapine-containing regimens have been reported to be effective in preventing CINV following highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), but it is unsure whether it is cost-effective. There has been no cost-effectiveness analysis conducted for olanzapine using costs from the USA. The aim of this study is to determine whether olanzapine-containing antiemetic regimens are cost-effective in patients receiving HEC.

Mechanical power during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Mechanical power (MP) refers to the energy delivered by a ventilator to the respiratory system per unit of time. MP referenced to predicted body weight (PBW) or respiratory system compliance have better predictive value for mortality than MP alone in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our objective was to assess the potential impact of consecutive changes of MP on hospital mortality among ARDS patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

The feasibility of anterior 180° Tc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT/CT.

Objective: For Tc-sestamibi parathyroid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), the traditional full-arc 360° acquisition technique has been suggested but not the theoretically low tissue-attenuated anterior 180° method. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performances and target-to-background ratios of anterior 180° and 360° SPECT/CT imaging.

Methods: Ninety-nine patients who underwent Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy and received a surgical-pathological diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia were enrolled.

Sulfonylureas may be useful for glycemic management in patients with diabetes and liver cirrhosis.

This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of sulfonylurea (SU) use in patients with T2DM and compensated liver cirrhosis. From January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012, we selected the data of 3781 propensity-score-matched SU users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The mean follow-up time for this study was 5.

Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy increases the risk of herpes zoster in patients with gynecological cancers: a nationwide cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with gynecological cancers via a nationwide population-based study.

Methods: Based on patient data obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database, 1928 gynecological cancer patients were identified with 1:1 matching for RT and non-RT cohorts by age, index date, and cancer type. Another cohort consisting of 964 non-cancer individuals matched was used as normal control.

The Lipid Transfer Protein 1 from Assists Accumulation.

Host factors play a pivotal role in regulating virus infection. Uncovering the mechanism of how host factors are involved in virus infection could pave the way to defeat viral disease. In this study, we characterized a lipid transfer protein, designated in which was downregulated after (BaMV) inoculation.

Secondary structure determination of conserved SARS-CoV-2 RNA elements by NMR spectroscopy.

The current pandemic situation caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) highlights the need for coordinated research to combat COVID-19. A particularly important aspect is the development of medication. In addition to viral proteins, structured RNA elements represent a potent alternative as drug targets.

Thiazolidinediones were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and cirrhosis.

Background& Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management in patients with cirrhosis is complicated. No clinical trials have investigated appropriate antidiabetic drug use in these patients. This study compared the risks of all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and hepatic outcomes between patients with T2DM and cirrhosis using and not using thiazolidinedione (TZD).

The Combination of Afatinib and Bevacizumab in Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Observational Study.

The efficacy of afatinib in combination with bevacizumab in untreated advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma is currently unclear. We sought to investigate the efficacy of this combination through a multicenter observational analysis. Data for 57 patients with advanced EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma who received afatinib combined with bevacizumab as first-line therapy at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Linkou and Kaohsiung and Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital from May 2015 to July 2019 were analyzed.

Hypertension Risk in Young Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

A number of publications have assessed the prevalence of hypertension in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with inconclusive results. Since in general populations the occurrence of hypertension is related to age and comorbidities, we investigated the incidence rate and hazard ratios (HRs) of hypertension between healthy subjects and young women with PCOS as well as comorbidities. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study by using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.

Tantalum-containing mesoporous bioactive glass powder for hemostasis.

This study evaluates the hemostatic properties of tantalum-containing mesoporous bioactive glasses (Ta-MBGs) through a suite of methods: hemolysis percentage, zeta potential, blood coagulation assays (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - APTT and Prothrombin Time - PT) and cytotoxicity tests. Five compositions of Ta-MBG, with mol% TaO added to the glass series (80-)SiO-15CaO-5PO-TaO where =0 (0Ta), =0.5 (0.

Novel combination therapy for melanoma induces apoptosis via a gap junction positive feedback mechanism.

Metastatic melanoma cells overexpressing gap junctions were assayed for their ability to propagate cell death by a novel combination therapy that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by both 1) non-thermal plasma (NTP) and 2) tirapazamine (TPZ) under hypoxic conditions. Results demonstrate additive-to-synergistic effects of combination therapy compared to each agent individually. NTP induces highly localized cell death in target areas whereas TPZ partially reduces viability over the total surface area.

IRES-targeting small molecule inhibits enterovirus 71 replication via allosteric stabilization of a ternary complex.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) poses serious threats to human health, particularly in Southeast Asia, and no drugs or vaccines are available. Previous work identified the stem loop II structure of the EV71 internal ribosomal entry site as vital to viral translation and a potential target. After screening an RNA-biased library using a peptide-displacement assay, we identify DMA-135 as a dose-dependent inhibitor of viral translation and replication with no significant toxicity in cell-based studies.

Economic effects of policy options restricting antimicrobial use for high risk cattle placed in U.S. feedlots.

The rising public health threat of antimicrobial resistance, the influence of food service companies, as well as the overall lack of positive image of using medical products in intensive farming are major drivers curbing antimicrobial use. In the future, government policies may affect practices of antimicrobial use in beef production in feedlots, a prominent current user of antimicrobials in animal agriculture, but also the agricultural industry generating the highest cash receipt in the U.S.

The Efficacy of Lactobacillus-Containing Probiotic Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on cholesterol-triglyceride ratio, an indirect marker of insulin resistance, protein-bound uremic toxins, biomarkers of inflammation, and microbial translocation in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.

Methods: Fifty-six patients aged 39-75 years were assigned into two groups to receive either probiotic sachets (n = 28) or a placebo (n = 28) in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. The patients in the probiotic group received twice daily sachets that contained a mixture of three viable and freeze-dried strains: Lactococcus lactis subsp.

Spatiotemporal impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution in California, USA.

Various recent studies have shown that societal efforts to mitigate (e.g. "lockdown") the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused non-negligible impacts on the environment, especially air quality.