Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on radiological primary end-point pneumonia among cases of severe community acquired pneumonia in children: A prospective multi-site hospital-based test-negative study in Northern India.

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of under-five mortality in India and Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen for it. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 (PCV13) has been introduced in a phased manner, in the national immunization program of India since 2017/2018. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PCV13 on chest radiograph (CXR)-confirmed pneumonia, in children hospitalized with WHO-defined severe CAP.

Epidemiology of Hypoxic Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years of Age: An Observational Study in Northern India.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of under-five mortality in India. An increased risk of mortality has been reported in cases of hypoxic pneumonia.

Methods: The primary objective of this study was to assess the proportion of children aged 2-59 months, hospitalized with hypoxic CAP, as well as socio-demographic, clinical, and radiological features associated with it.