Recommendations on routine mid-trimester anomaly scan.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the minimal requirements of the routine mid-trimester anomaly scan in Asian countries after taking into account various factors, including local circumstances, medical practice, guidelines, and availability of experienced sonographers and high-resolution ultrasound machines, which affect the prenatal detection rate of fetal anomalies. In general, a routine mid-trimester anomaly scan includes the assessment of the number of fetuses, fetal cardiac activity, size, anatomy, liquor and placental location. The most controversial issue is which fetal structures should at least be examined.

The influence of MR imaging on changes in patient counseling in obstetric patients with suspected fetal anomalies by ultrasound.

Objective: To determine the frequency of additional information provided by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in supplement to ultrasound (US) in patients with fetal anomaly and to determine the influence of MR imaging findings on patient counseling.

Material And Method: MR imaging offetus was performed in 26 patients who have abnormal ultrasound results. Referring obstetricians were asked about how the additional information provided by MR imaging have effect on their decision marking, patient counseling, and case management.

Effect of Colpexin Sphere on pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life in women with pelvic organ prolapse stage I/II: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Colpexin Sphere was effective for advanced pelvic organ prolapse. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Colpexin Sphere in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage I or II on pelvic floor muscle strength, quality of life, and POP stage.

Methods: Women were randomly divided into Colpexin Sphere with pelvic floor muscle exercise group and exercise only group for a 16-week period.

Fetal loss associated with second trimester amniocentesis.

Objective: To evaluate the fetal loss rate associated with second trimester amniocentesis.

Methods: All cases of pregnant women ≥35 years old with gestational age beyond 16 weeks between 1997 and 2006 were included in this study. The study group consisted of all cases that the patients decided to have second trimester genetic amniocentesis.

Effect of colpexin sphere on pelvic floor muscle strength in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized controlled trial (a preliminary report).

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Colpexin Sphere with pelvic floor exercise in women with stage I and II pelvic organ prolapse on improving pelvic floor muscle strength compared with the pelvic floor exercise only.

Methods: The women were divided into two groups: one group used Colpexin Sphere with pelvic floor muscle exercise, and the other group did pelvic floor exercise only for a 16-week period. The efficacy was evaluated at baseline and 16-week for comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength.

Prevalence and risk factors of anorectal dysfunction in women with urinary incontinence.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of anorectal dysfunction among women with urinary incontinence.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending the urogynecology clinic. Women with symptoms of urinary incontinence were requested to complete a structured questionnaire.

The value of mid-trimester routine ultrasonographic screening in antenatal detection of congenital malformations.

Objective: To evaluate the detection rate of major fetal anomalies by mid-trimester routine ultrasound screening in a single center with low-risk population.

Material And Method: The present study was a cross sectional study. All pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic between January 1996 and December 2002 had routine ultrasound screening between 18-22 weeks'gestation.

The characteristics and satisfaction of the patients using vaginal pessaries.

Objective: To study the characteristics of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients that used a pessary.

Design: Prospective, descriptive study.

Setting: Urogynecology Clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University.

Doctors' attitudes towards invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Aim: To assess the influence of a doctor's gender, age group, religion and invasive prenatal diagnosis (PND) knowledge on their attitude towards invasive PND.

Methods: All non-obstetric and gynecologic doctors were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire enquired about demographic information, and doctors' knowledge, attitude and experience regarding invasive PND for themselves, and their spouses, relatives, friends, colleagues and patients.

Prenatal ultrasonographic findings in "trisomy 13".

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis in fetuses with trisomy 13.

Material Method: The present study consisted of all fetuses diagnosed of trisomy 13 and delivered at Ramathibodi Hospital between 1997 and 2006.

Results: There were 15 cases of trisomy 13.

Effects and safety of Pueraria mirifica on lipid profiles and biochemical markers of bone turnover rates in healthy postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Pueraria mirifica on lipid profiles and biochemical markers of bone turnover rates in healthy postmenopausal women and to evaluate the safety of Pueraria mirifica on endometrium; breast tissue; and hematologic, hepatic, and renal systems.

Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in a university hospital of healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years old. Women were enrolled voluntarily and randomly received 20, 30, or 50 mg Pueraria mirifica in capsules or identical placebo once daily for 24 weeks.

Intrapartum fetal abdominal circumference by ultrasonography for predicting fetal macrosomia.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonographic measurement of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) for the prediction of fetal macrosomia.

Material And Method: A prospective clinical trial was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. The study consisted of 361 singleton pregnant women who were admitted for delivery at labor room.

Pregnancy outcome of twin pregnancy in Ramathibodi Hospital.

Objectives: To evaluate maternal and neonatal complications and pregnancy outcomes of twin pregnancies.

Material And Method: The retrospective analysis included data on the twin pregnancies delivered at Ramathibodi Hospital between January 1995 and December 2000. The data retrieved from the medical records included demographic data, complications of pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

How to approach common urogynaecological problems?

Urogynaecology is dedicated to the treatment of women with pelvic floor dysfunction such as urinary orfecal incontinence and prolapse (bulging or falling) of the vagina, bladder and/or the uterus. Pelvic organ prolapse simply means displacement from the normal position. On average, 11% of women will undergo surgery for this condition.

Pregnancy induced hypertension in twin pregnancy.

Objective: To compare the incidence, severity and pregnancy outcomes of pregnancy induced hypertension in twins and singleton gestations.

Material And Method: The cohort study enrolled 305 twins and 298 singleton gestations at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand between January 1996 and December 2001. The rates of pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes were statistically analysed in both groups.

Adnexal masses in pregnancy.

Objective: To determine incidence and maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women undergoing surgical management for adnexal mass.

Material And Method: A cohort study was performed in patients who presented with adnexal masses in pregnancy that required surgical management during April, 1986 to March, 2001. The maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed.

Impact of stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder on quality of life in Thai women attending the urogynecology clinic.

Objective: To investigate the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) on the quality of life (QOL) using disease specific health-related QOL questionnaire.

Material And Method: Three hundred and nineteen women with SUI and/or OAB, attending the urogynecolgy clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital were recruited in the present study. Information on QOL was collected, using the Thai version of modified incontinence-specific quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) and short form incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7).

Effect of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal health.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal symptoms, vaginal health index, vaginal pH, and vaginal cytology in healthy postmenopausal women.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Healthy postmenopausal women, age 45 to 60 years old, were enrolled voluntarily and randomly received 20, 30, or 50 mg of Pueraria mirifica in capsules or placebo in identical capsules once daily for 24 weeks.

Transvaginal color Doppler sonographic assessment of uterus and ovaries in postmenopausal women: the effect of local estrogen treatment.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of local estrogen treatment on the uterus and ovaries using transvaginal color Doppler sonography.

Materials And Methods: A 12-week randomized open-label study of postmenopausal women taking local estrogen treatment and controls was conducted. The study group was treated with either a 25-mum estradiol vaginal tablet or 1g of conjugated estrogen cream intravaginally each day for 2 weeks followed by twice a week for 10 weeks.

Female urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study from a Thai rural area.

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of female urinary incontinence in a Thai rural area and to investigate the impact of female urinary incontinence on quality of life. A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed from September 2003 to February 2004. A total of 1,126 women completed the questionnaires.

Labial leiomyoma: a case report.

Leiomyoma is common in the myometrial layer of the uterus, and rarely found in other genital organs. Previous reports show multiple sites of leiomyoma outside the uterus eg. vagina, oral mucosa or mandible vascular leiomyoma.

Lower urinary tract symptoms in Thai women attending the menopause clinic: prevalence and associated factors.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and associated factors in women attending the menopause clinic.

Method: Nine hundred and fifty-six women attending the menopause clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital were interviewed regarding their general health issues and lower urinary tract symptoms by means of an anonymous questionnaire. Demographic data, obstetric history, and underlying diseases were analysed by using Student t-test, Chi-square and Fisher exact test.

Randomized controlled trial of glove perforation in single- and double-gloving in episiotomy repair after vaginal delivery.

Objective: The aims of the study presented here were to compare the rate of glove perforation between single-gloving and double-gloving methods, and the time of operation and level of surgeon in episiotomy repair after vaginal delivery.

Method: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2002 at Ramathibodi Hospital. A comparison of glove perforation between single-gloving and double-gloving methods was performed.