Optimizing in vitro lung cancer therapy with folate-conjugated polydopamine-coated liposomes loaded with gemcitabine.

Purpose: Surface-altered, targeted nanocarriers play crucial roles in chemotherapy. Incorporating ligands into polymers may alter their chemical composition, potentially compromising their drug storage and encapsulation capacity. Polydopamine (PDA) is a novel, biocompatible, and versatile agent for producing targeted nanoparticles that serve as a base for conjugating specific ligands to non-reactive polymeric nanocarriers.

Molecular characterization of leaf spot fungi using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) based phylogenetic inference.

The plant pathogenic leaf spot fungi cause loss in crop yield. Fungi and other pathogens such as a virus, bacteria, cause leaf spot diseases and nematodes play a secondary role. Therefore, it is of interest to study internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence from the plant pathogenic fungi.