Randomized trial of a patient empowerment and cognitive training program for older people with diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined patient empowerment program (PEP) and cognitive training (CT) program on improving glycemic control among older subjects with diabetes and cognitive impairment.

Methods: A prospective single blinded, randomized controlled study was carried out in 139 older patients with diabetes aged ≥65 years with memory complaints and recent glycosylated hemoglobin level of 7-9%. They were randomly assigned to either undergo once-weekly PEP combined with CT for 10 weeks (intervention group, N = 73) or receive no intervention (control group, N = 66).

Association of metformin use with vitamin B deficiency in the institutionalized elderly.

Elderly people living in long term care institutions are particularly at risk of vitamin B deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin B deficiency was 34.9% among the 1996 institutionalized elderly residents in our previous study.

Pharmacotherapy for Dementia: A Practical Approach to the Use of Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine.

Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are the only classes of drugs approved for the treatment of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. This article provides evidence-based recommendations to address the issues regarding the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in clinical practice. It includes their efficacy, timing, assessment, use in institutionalized patients, combined use, and use in other dementia types.