Palmatine antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities: A pre-clinical assessment.

There is evidence that palmatine (PA), an alkaloid isolated from the Guatteria friesiana plant, has some important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects of PA were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo through 7 distinct assays, and the anti-AChE activity was determined in vitro.

Toxicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antioxidant models of 2-oleyl-1,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol isolated from the hexane extract of MART seeds.

2-oleyl-1,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol (ODG) was obtained from (bacurizeiro) seeds. There are no studies on its toxicity and protective activities against oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant effects , as well as to evaluate the toxicological and mutagenic effects of the ODG.

A Brief Review on the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Vitexin.

The neural dysfunction is triggered by cellular and molecular events that provoke neurotoxicity and neural death. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly common, and available treatments are focused on relieving symptoms. Based on the above, in this review we describe the participation of vitexin in the main events involved in the neurotoxicity and cell death process, as well as the use of vitexin as a therapeutic approach to suppress or attenuate neurodegenerative progress.

Determination of Parameters of Oxidative Stress in vitro Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Review.

Oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying the development of various neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNSs) can overburden the ability of the enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (uric acid, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and reduced glutathione), causing the development of oxidative stress, and consequently, impairing the neuronal system cells by means of oxidative damage to a variety of important biological molecules such as lipids, DNA and proteins. Considering the importance of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, the present review aims to address the main parameters evaluated in in vitro studies on oxidative stress in different models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Non-clinical toxicity of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid: Absence of adverse effects in female Swiss mice.

β-caryophyllene is a food additive that is found in food plants and has broad pharmacological potential. However, little toxicological information has been reported and its use is based on the fact that this bicyclic sesquiterpene is daily consumed as a plant food in much larger quantities than as a food additive. Thus, this study evaluated acute (14-day) and repeated-dose (28 days) oral β-caryophyllene toxicity in female Swiss mice analyzing changes in body weight, food intake, water intake, hematological and biochemical parameters, organ weight after necropsy, oxidative stress markers and histopathology of various tissues.

Antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of Citrus limon essential oil in mice.

The antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of Citrus limon essential oil (EO) were assessed in mice or in vitro tests. EO possesses a strong antioxidant potential according to the scavenging assays. Moreover, it presented scavenger activity against all in vitro tests.

Antioxidant activity of Citrus limon essential oil in mouse hippocampus.

Context: Citrus limon (L.) Burms (Rutaceae) has been shown in previous studies to have various biological functions (anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic). However, traditional uses in folk medicine suggest that C.

Lipoic acid effects on glutamate and taurine concentrations in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Pilocarpine-induced seizures can be mediated by increases in oxidative stress and by cerebral amino acid changes. The present research suggests that antioxidant compounds may afford some level of neuroprotection against the neurotoxicity of seizures in cellular level. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the lipoic acid (LA) effects in glutamate and taurine contents in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Lipoic acid inhibits caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways and is neuroprotective against hippocampal damage after pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Alpha-lipoic acid has some neuroprotective properties, but this action has not been investigated in models of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of α-lipoic acid (lipoic acid) against pilocarpine-induced cell death through the caspase-dependent or -independent mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.

Caffeic acid effects on oxidative stress in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the caffeic acid (CA) effects against the oxidative stress (OS) observed during seizures. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with either 0.9% saline (control), CA (4 mg/kg), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, pilocarpine group), or the association of CA (4 mg/kg) plus pilocarpine (400 mg/kg).

Neuronal damage and memory deficits after seizures are reversed by ascorbic acid?

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid (AA) in rats, against the neuronal damage and memory deficit caused by seizures. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.

Effects of ubiquinone on hydroperoxide concentration and antioxidant enzymatic activities in the rat hippocampus during pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Recent researches have shown that antioxidant compounds may have certain neuroprotective effect against the neurotoxicity of seizures at cellular level. Ubiquinone (UQ), an antioxidant compound, exhibits a wide range of therapeutic effects that are attributed to its potent antioxidant capacity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of UQ in rats, against the observed oxidative stress during seizures induced by pilocarpine.

Lipoic acid blocks seizures induced by pilocarpine via increases in delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in rat brain.

In the present study we investigated the effects of lipoic acid (LA) on delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in rat brain after seizures induction by pilocarpine. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.

Pilocarpine-induced seizures produce alterations on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities and deficit memory in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of seizures on rat performance in the Morris water maze task, as well as on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.