Forest carbon sequestration on the west coast, USA: Role of species, productivity, and stockability.

Forest ecosystems store large amounts of carbon and can be important sources, or sinks, of the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is contributing to global warming. Understanding the carbon storage potential of different forests and their response to management and disturbance events are fundamental to developing policies and scenarios to partially offset greenhouse gas emissions. Projections of live tree carbon accumulation are handled differently in different models, with inconsistent results.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between active and permissive blood pressure management in extremely preterm infants.

Background: There remains uncertainty about the definition of normal blood pressure (BP), and when to initiate treatment for hypotension for extremely preterm infants. To determine the short-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants managed by active compared with permissive BP support regimens during the first 72 hours of life.

Method: This is a retrospective medical records review of 23 -28 weeks' gestational age (GA) infants admitted to neonatal units (NNU) with active BP support (aimed to maintain mean arterial BP (MABP) >30 mmHg irrespective of the GA) and permissive BP support (used medication only when babies developed signs of hypotension) regimens.

Biliary Adverse Events During Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Objective: To describe a high-volume experience with biliary drainage before neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for patients with operable pancreatic cancer (PC) and characterize the association between biliary adverse events (BAEs) and patient outcome.

Background: Patients with PC presenting with biliary obstruction require durable decompression before NAT.

Methods: Patients with operable PC and tumor-associated biliary obstruction were examined and grouped by the presence or absence of a BAE during NAT.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: Quality over quantity.

Background And Objectives: The ideal duration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with curative intent is unclear. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of both duration of NACT and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) normalization to NACT.

Methods: We examined patients with resectable and borderline resectable PDAC treated with NACT and chemoradiation.

The incidence of new mental health disorders after acute pancreatitis: A large, propensity-matched, observational study.

Introduction: The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP) and mental health disorders (MHDs) are rising. While the association between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and MHDs is established, it is unknown whether there is a risk of MHDs after an index episode of AP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of MHDs and pharmacotherapy use after an episode of AP.

Physiological CTG categorization in types of hypoxia compared with MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with HIE.

Background: Commonly used methods of CTG classification do not reliably predict neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Objective: To examine whether a relationship exists between the types of hypoxia as identified on the cardiotocograph using novel physiology-based CTG classification and patterns of injury on neonatal cerebral MRI and later neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective study of term-born infants admitted to four neonatal units with HIE as part of a brain injury biomarkers study between January 2014 and December 2015.

Neuronal let-7b-5p acts through the Hippo-YAP pathway in neonatal encephalopathy.

Despite increasing knowledge on microRNAs, their role in the pathogenesis of neonatal encephalopathy remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identify let-7b-5p as a significant microRNA in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy from dried blood spots using next generation sequencing. Validation studies using Reverse Transcription and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on 45 neonates showed that let-7b-5p expression was increased on day 1 in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy with unfavourable outcome when compared to those with mild encephalopathy.

Raised Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein Levels After Rewarming Are Associated With Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Newborns After Therapeutic Hypothermia.

To determine the predictive value of plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) as a prognostic marker for outcomes in babies who have undergone therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). NfL levels from three groups of term newborns were compared: (1) those with mild HIE who did not receive TH, (2) newborns treated with TH who had minimal or no brain injury on MRI, and (3) newborns treated with TH who had substantial brain injury on MRI. Follow-up outcomes were collected from 18 months onward.

In clinical practice, cerebral MRI in newborns is highly predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome after therapeutic hypothermia.

Objective: In the trials, a substantial proportion of newborns who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH) had an adverse outcome after hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Cooled babies were noted to have fewer cerebral lesions on MRI but when present lesions were predictive of adverse outcome. We investigate the predictive value of cerebral MRI in babies who undergo cooling in the clinical setting outside of the clinical trials in a prospective UK cohort.

WITHDRAWN: In clinical practice, cerebral MRI in newborns is highly predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome after therapeutic hypothermia.

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Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus.

Herbivores that transmit plant pathogens often share hosts with non-vector herbivores. These co-occurring herbivores can affect vector fitness and behaviour through competition and by altering host plant quality. However, few studies have examined how such interactions may both directly and indirectly influence the spread of a plant pathogen.

Effects of life history and ecology on virus evolutionary potential.

The life history traits of viruses pose many consequences for viral population structure. In turn, population structure may influence the evolutionary trajectory of a virus. Here we review factors that affect the evolutionary potential of viruses, including rates of mutation and recombination, bottlenecks, selection pressure, and ecological factors such as the requirement for hosts and vectors.

Improving Documentation of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS) Using a Standardized Electronic Template at Two University-Affiliated Institutions.

Objectives: Adequate repair is vital to reduce the long-term sequelae of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Sufficient documentation is necessary to reflect the quality of care provided, to guide future management, and to reduce medicolegal liability. With the advent of electronic health records, proper methods of documentation can be more easily disseminated and applied for general use.

Preoperative predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients presenting with acute calculous cholecystitis.

Background And Aims: Markedly increased liver chemistries in patients presenting with acute calculous cholecystitis (AC) often prompt an evaluation for concomitant choledocholithiasis (CDL). However, current guidelines directing the workup for CDL fail to address this unique population. The aims of this study are to define the range of presenting laboratory values and imaging findings in AC, develop a model to predict the presence of concurrent CDL, and develop a management algorithm that can be easily applied on presentation.

Reciprocal plant-mediated interactions between a virus and a non-vector herbivore.

Vector-borne viruses alter many physical and chemical traits of their plant hosts, indirectly affecting the fitness and behavior of vectors in ways that promote virus transmission. However, it is unclear whether viruses induce plant-mediated shifts in the behavior and fitness of non-vector herbivores, or if non-vectors affect the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. Here we evaluated reciprocal interactions between Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), a pathogen transmitted by the aphid Acrythosiphon pisum, and a non-vector weevil, Sitona lineatus.

Orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and the paradox of supine hypertension.

Both hypertension and orthostatic hypotension (OH) are strongly age-associated and are common management problems in older people. However, unlike hypertension, management of OH has unique challenges with few well-established treatments. Not infrequently, they both coexist, further compounding the management.

Automated electroencephalographic discontinuity in cooled newborns predicts cerebral MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome.

Background And Hypothesis: Prolonged electroencephalographic (EEG) discontinuity has been associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes after perinatal asphyxia but its predictive value in the era of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is unknown. In infants undergoing TH for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) prolonged EEG discontinuity is associated with cerebral tissue injury on MRI and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.

Method: Retrospective study of term neonates from three UK centres who received TH for perinatal asphyxia, had continuous two channel amplitude-integrated EEG with EEG for a minimum of 48 h, brain MRI within 6 weeks of birth and neurodevelopmental outcome data at a median age of 24 months.

A Case of Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension Associated With Chronic Didanosine Therapy.

A 66-year-old man with HIV and recurrent thromboembolism presented with new-onset ascites with an extensive diagnostic work-up that was unremarkable. He was diagnosed with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension after a liver biopsy revealed mild fibrosis and hepatic venography revealed an elevated hepatic venous pressure gradient. The etiology of portal hypertension was attributed to didanosine therapy, a rare but noted side effect.

Screening and Health Behaviors among Persons Diagnosed with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Their Relatives.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited colorectal cancer syndrome. Individuals with FAP often undergo colectomy and are recommended to follow several surveillance protocols. Biological relatives of persons with FAP may also be at risk and thus should undergo genetic counseling.

Differential regulation of MMP-2 in the gastrohepatic ligament of the gastroesophageal junction.

Introduction: Ligamentous attachments maintain the normal anatomic position of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Failure of these elastic ligaments through an alteration in collagen synthesis, deposition, and metabolism may be a primary etiology of hiatal hernia formation. Differential expression of zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is largely responsible for collagen remodeling.

Shared mental health care for a marginalized community in inner-city Canada.

Objectives: This paper describes the experience and evaluation of a shared care project targeted at marginalized individuals living in the North End of Halifax, Nova Scotia. This population has high rates of psychiatric disorder, often comorbid with chronic medical conditions, and people have difficulty in obtaining the help they need. This primary care liaison service covers all ages and includes outreach to emergency shelters, transitional housing and drop-in centres.