Antibacterial Activity of Hexanol Vapor In Vitro and on the Surface of Vegetables.

Hexanol is a volatile alcohol and a major component of plant essential oils (EOs). However, the antibacterial activity of hexanol vapor has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hexanol.

Cell-surface protein YwfG of Lactococcus lactis binds to α-1,2-linked mannose.

Lactococcus lactis strains are used as starter cultures in the production of fermented dairy and vegetable foods, but the species also occurs in other niches such as plant material. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis G50 (G50) is a plant-derived strain and potential candidate probiotics.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactococcus cremoris Strain 7-1, a Lactic Acid Bacterium Isolated from a Traditional Mongolian Milk Product Possessing Mucin-Adhesive Ability.

We report the complete genome sequence of Lactococcus cremoris strain 7-1, which was isolated from urum, a traditional Mongolian milk product. Strain 7-1 adhered to porcine gastric mucin in a carbon source-dependent manner. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (2,557,589 bp; GC content, 35.

Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid, an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator, Suppresses Experimental Colitis in Mice.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists are promising immunomodulators that potentially maintain immune tolerance. In this study, we examined the ability of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA), a major precursor of microbiota-derived AHR agonists and a proagonist of AHR, to activate AHR. The anti-inflammatory effects of IPA were also evaluated in a mouse model of colitis in comparison with other aromatic pyruvic acids (phenylpyruvic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid).

Reduced fucosylation in the distal intestinal epithelium of mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress.

Psychological stress can cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract by regulating its interaction with central nervous system (brain-gut axis). Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is widely used to produce a rodent model of stress-induced human mood disorders and depression. We previously showed that CSDS significantly affects the intestinal ecosystem including cecal and fecal microbiota, intestinal gene expression profiles and cecal metabolite profiles.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus paracasei EG9, a Strain Accelerating Free Amino Acid Production during Cheese Ripening.

EG9 is a strain isolated from well-ripened cheese and accelerates free amino acid production during cheese ripening. Its complete genome sequence was determined using the PacBio RS II platform, revealing a single circular chromosome of 2,927,257 bp, a G+C content of 46.59%, and three plasmids.

The distinct effects of orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C59 on gene expression in the murine small intestine.

The molecular mechanisms of strain-specific probiotic effects and the impact of the oral administration of probiotic strains on the host's gene expression are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the strain-specific effects of probiotic strain intake on gene expression in the murine small intestine. Two distinct strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG) and Lactococcus lactis subsp.

Dietary intake of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis H61 delays age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice.

Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is a common disorder associated with aging. In this study, we investigated the effect of the intake of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 (strain H61) on AHL in C57BL/6J mice.

Screening of lactic acid bacteria that can form mixed-species biofilm with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The abilities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to form mixed-species biofilm with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a static co-culture were investigated out of 168 LAB stock cultures, and two Lactobacillus plantarum strains (D71 and E31) and one Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain K01 were found to form mixed-species biofilm with S. cerevisiae BY4741. SEM observation showed that there was no significant difference in morphological properties among these three mixed-species biofilms and they resembled that formed by S.

New lactic acid bacterial strains from traditional Mongolian fermented milk products have altered adhesion to porcine gastric mucin depending on the carbon source.

Attachment of lactic acid bacteria to the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is a major property of probiotics. Here, we examined the ability of 21 lactic acid bacterial strains isolated from traditional fermented milk products in Mongolia to adhere to porcine gastric mucin in vitro. Higher attachment was observed with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.

Effects of strains of Lactococcus lactis on the production of nitric oxide and cytokines in murine macrophages.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional mediator that is involved in a variety of pathologic and physiologic processes. Few studies have addressed the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Lactococcus lactis strains used in dairy products, on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction as a component of the host's gastrointestinal immune response. We investigated the ability of L.

Protective effect of indole-3-pyruvate against ultraviolet b-induced damage to cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and the skin of hairless mice.

Previous investigations demonstrated that pyruvate protects human keratinocytes against cell damage stemming from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study endeavoured to elucidate the protective capacity of aromatic pyruvates (e.g.

Cellular fatty acid composition and exopolysaccharide contribute to bile tolerance in Lactobacillus brevis strains isolated from fermented Japanese pickles.

Bile tolerance is a fundamental ability of probiotic bacteria. We examined this property in 56 Lactobacillus brevis strains isolated from Japanese pickles and also evaluated cellular fatty acid composition and cell-bound exopolysaccharide (EPS-b) production. The bile tolerance of these strains was significantly lower in modified de Man - Rogosa - Sharpe (MRS) medium (without Tween 80 or sodium acetate) than in standard MRS medium.

Novel exopolysaccharides produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and the diversity of epsE genes in the exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters.

To characterize novel variations of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by dairy strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and subsp. cremoris, the EPSs of five dairy strains of L.

Prevention of UVB-induced production of the inflammatory mediator in human keratinocytes by lactic acid derivatives generated from aromatic amino acids.

The anti-inflammatory effects of lactic acid derivatives were investigated on ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HaCaT human keratinocytes. A pretreatment with indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) inhibited the UVB-induced production of interlekin-6 (IL-6). The inhibitory effect of L-HPLA was equivalent to that of a corresponding racemic mixture (DL-HPLA), suggesting that optical isomerism did not affect the anti-inflammatory activity of HPLA.

Identification of antioxidants produced by Lactobacillus plantarum.

We identified two compounds that demonstrated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity from cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum. Spectroscopic analyses proved these compounds to be L-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (HPLA) and L-indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). The respective EC50 values for HPLA and ILA were 36.