The binding of LARP6 and DNAAF6 in biomolecular condensates influences ciliogenesis of multiciliated cells.

Motile cilia on the cell surface produce fluid flows in the body and abnormalities in motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Dynein axonemal assembly factor 6 (DNAAF6), a causative gene of primary ciliary dyskinesia, was isolated as an interacting protein with La ribonucleoprotein 6 (LARP6) that regulates ciliogenesis in multiciliated cells (MCCs). In MCCs of Xenopus embryos, LARP6 and DNAAF6 were colocalized in biomolecular condensates termed dynein axonemal particles and synergized to control ciliogenesis.

Stable isotopes show that earthquakes enhance permeability and release water from mountains.

Hydrogeological properties can change in response to large crustal earthquakes. In particular, permeability can increase leading to coseismic changes in groundwater level and flow. These processes, however, have not been well-characterized at regional scales because of the lack of datasets to describe water provenances before and after earthquakes.

Therapeutic effects of soluble human leukocyte antigen G2 isoform in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a non-classical HLA class I molecule, has one of the splicing isoforms, HLA-G2, which lacks one domain (α2) and forms a non-covalent homodimer. HLA-G2 is expressed on placental cells, regulatory T cells, tumor cells, and virus-infected cells, and is involved in immunosuppression. The major isoform of HLA-G, HLA-G1, binds to leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (LILR) B1 and LILRB2, on the contrary, HLA-G2 binds to only LILRB2.

Isozyme-Specific Role of SAD-A in Neuronal Migration During Development of Cerebral Cortex.

SAD kinases regulate presynaptic vesicle clustering and neuronal polarization. A previous report demonstrated that Sada-/- and Sadb-/- double-mutant mice showed perinatal lethality with a severe defect in axon/dendrite differentiation, but their single mutants did not. These results indicated that they were functionally redundant.

New low-dose liquid pilocarpine formulation for treating dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome: clinical efficacy, symptom relief, and improvement in quality of life.

Background: Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) typically present clinically with xerostomia (dry mouth) because of progressive damage to the exocrine glands. We developed a new, low-dose pilocarpine/sodium alginate (LPA) solution with pilocarpine hydrochloride to inhibit systemic adverse effects by administering via the oral mucosa. The purpose of this study was to assess its stability, safety, and efficacy.

Therapeutic application of human leukocyte antigen-G1 improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays critical roles in immune response and in triggering inhibitory signaling to immune cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Thus, the application of HLA-G can be considered for treating immune response-related inflammatory disorders. We have previously reported that treatment with HLA-G1 and HLA-G2 ameliorates the joint swelling associated with collagen-induced arthritis of DBA/1 mice, an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis.

The immunosuppressive effect of domain-deleted dimer of HLA-G2 isoform in collagen-induced arthritis mice.

HLA-G is involved in maternal-fetal immune tolerance and is reported to be a natural tolerogenic molecule. Seven-spliced isoforms including dimeric and β2m-free forms have been identified. The major isoform, HLA-G1 (and its soluble type HLA-G5), binds to the inhibitory immune receptors, leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (LILR) B1 and LILRB2.

Mitotic phosphorylation of MPP8 by cyclin-dependent kinases regulates chromatin dissociation.

Repressive epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation at CpG sites and histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, are enriched in heterochromatin, which undergoes drastic changes in structure during mitosis. MPP8 (M phase phosphoprotein 8) has been proposed to regulate positive association between these two repressive modifications, but actual involvement of this protein in changes in the heterochromatin structure during mitosis remains elusive. We demonstrate here that MPP8 predominantly localized to, but dissociated from, chromatin during interphase and early mitosis, respectively.