Serum IL-28A/IFN-λ2 is linked to disease severity of COVID-19.

Type III interferons (IFNs) play an important role in respiratory viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of serum type III IFNs predicted disease severity among patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients admitted to a single hospital between March 21, 2020, and March 31, 2021.

Mepolizumab improved airway hyperresponsiveness in a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a severe type of asthma characterized by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus and lung infiltration with eosinophilia. The central pathogenesis of asthma is airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), with eosinophils playing a critical role. Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody therapy has been recently introduced to treat severe asthma, which reportedly inactivates and reduces eosinophil count.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Secondary Organizing Pneumonia after Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.

(Background) COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and may result in unfavorable outcomes. A recent large-scale study showed that treatment with dexamethasone leads to favorable outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19, and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has also been shown to improve outcomes. Recently, secondary organizing pneumonia (SOP) has been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the diagnostic and treatment strategies are still unclear.

Downregulation of type III interferons in patients with severe COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is globally rampant, and to curb the growing burden of this disease, in-depth knowledge about its pathophysiology is needed. This was an observational study conducted at a single center to investigate serum cytokine and chemokine levels of COVID-19 patients, based on disease severity. We included 72 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital from March 21 to August 31, 2020.

Utility of Basophil Activation Test in a Case of Daisaikoto- and Yokukansan-induced Lung Injury.

Drug-induced lung injury is defined as a respiratory disorder. The usefulness of the basophil activation test (BAT) for drug allergy-related cases was recently reported. The patient was an 82-year-old woman who had been taking Daisaikoto and Yokukansan (herbal medicines) 3 months before developing dry cough.

Combination treatment of short-course systemic corticosteroid and favipiravir in a successfully treated case of critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia with COPD.

Use of systemic corticosteroids for the treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is not well described. A 58-year-old man with fever and progressive dyspnea was admitted to the Showa University Hospital, and showed severe respiratory failure which needed mechanical ventilation. His chest computed tomography scanning showed emphysema and bilateral ground-glass opacity caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.