The Cow Paradox-A Scoping Review of Dairy Bovine Welfare in India Using the Five Freedoms.

India, the leading producer and consumer of milk, houses 307 million cattle, nearly a third of the world's total. A ban on cow slaughter exists in the majority of the Indian states. Intricately interweaved with the disputable yet publicly acknowledged sentiment of the cow's sacrality, and with the animal's utility value, the ban is capable of influencing the humans' treatment of the dairy animals.

Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs.

We argue that there is currently an under-reporting of the ways in which pain can be associated with problem behavior, which is seriously limiting the recognition of this welfare problem. A review of the caseloads of 100 recent dog cases of several authors indicates that a conservative estimate of around a third of referred cases involve some form of painful condition, and in some instances, the figure may be nearly 80%. The relationship is often complex but always logical.