Current Practices in Genetic Testing for Prostate Cancer: The Indian Scenario.

Background: Despite genetic testing being recommended by international guidelines for the selection of targeted therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), limited data are available on genetic testing for PCa in India.

Objectives: The objective is to understand the current genetic testing practice pattern for PCa in India.

Materials And Methods: A panel of 9 experts developed and validated a premeeting online questionnaire comprising 12 objective questions.

Global Study on the Accuracy of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low Diagnosis in Breast Cancer.

Context.—: Recently, a new type of antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), has been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with low level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene expression. Thereby, eligibility relies on an accurate diagnosis of HER2-low status defined by immunohistochemistry IHC 1+/2+ with no gene amplification.

Prevalence and types of cancer in older Indians: A multicentric observational study across 17 institutions in India.

The global demographic and epidemiological transition have led to a rapidly increasing burden of cancer, particularly among older adults. There are scant data on the prevalence and demographic pattern of cancer in older Indian persons. This was a multicentric observational study conducted between January 2019 and December 2020.

Preoperative Identification and Outcomes of Vascular Variants on Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis.

Introduction: Surgeries for chronic pancreatitis are tailored based on disease process and either include parenchymal-preserving surgeries or total pancreatectomy with or without islet cell autotransplantation. It is critical to account for vascular variants as injuries to these are associated with short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of contemporary data on the true incidence of aberrant arterial anatomy, and it is likely to be underreported by nonhepatobiliary radiologists.

Hepaticoduodenostomy for Recurrent Biliary Anastomotic Stricture after Liver Transplant.

Biliary strictures afterlivertransplant are amenable to endoscopic dilatation or percutaneous dilatation and stenting in most cases. In rare cases, for recurrence or tight stricture, surgery is required, and hepaticojejunostomy is the favored procedure. We report a case of posttransplant stricture in a duct-to-duct anastomosis that could not be accessed due to prior gastric bypass.

Liver transplantation from a SARS-COV-2-positive donor: A road ahead or not.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a remarkable impact on the field of liver transplantation. Increasing evidence demonstrates a minimal risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from non-lung donors who test positive for SARS-CoV-2; however, the risks of donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 from liver donors are unknown. We present our experience with two cases in which a liver was transplanted successfully from a brain-dead donor with incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Current practices in islet cell autotransplantation.

Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis comprise a spectrum of disease that results in complications related to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and chronic pain with narcotic dependence and poor quality of life. The mainstay of therapy has been medical and endoscopic therapy; surgery, especially total pancreatectomy, was historically reserved for few select patients as the obligate exocrine insufficiency and pancreatogenic diabetes (type 3C) are challenging to manage. The addition of islet cell autotransplantation after total pancreatectomy helps to mitigate brittle type 3c diabetes and prevents mortality related to severe hypoglycemic episodes and hypoglycemic unawareness.

ExPert ConsEnsus on the management of Advanced clear-cell RenaL celL carcinoma: INDIAn Perspective (PEARL-INDIA).

In advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (aRCC), systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with no or little role for surgery in these patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune-oncological (IOs) therapies, either alone or in combination, are recommended in these patients depending on patient and tumour factors. The sequencing of therapies is critical in RCC because the choice of subsequent line therapy is heavily dependent on the response and duration of the previous treatment.

Perioperative Management of Patients Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy with/without Islet Cell Autotransplantation: A Single Center Experience.

Total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet cell autotransplantation (IAT) are complex operations that require intensive postoperative monitoring with standardized protocols. There are few studies detailing immediate perioperative management. The purpose of this study was to describe the perioperative management of post-pancreatectomy patients in the first week following surgery to guide clinicians in addressing salient points from different organ systems.

Avelumab first-line maintenance plus best supportive care (BSC) vs. BSC alone for advanced urothelial carcinoma: JAVELIN Bladder 100 Asian subgroup analysis.

Background: The phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial showed significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) with avelumab first-line maintenance + best supportive care (BSC) vs. BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) that had not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. Here, efficacy and safety were assessed from the initial analysis of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial (data cutoff October 21, 2019) in patients enrolled in Asian countries.

Development of a novel method for multiple phytohormone analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS from bio-enriched organic fertilizer prepared using banana pseudostem sap waste.

Banana harvesting generates a large amount of banana pseudostem waste, which is generally burnt or thrown away, despite containing many nutrients. Bio-enriched organic fertilizer (BOF) was prepared from banana pseudostem sap (BPS), and it has been patented (Patent No. WO 2013/001478 Al).

Indocyanine Green as a Navigational Adjunct for Laparoscopic Ablation of Liver Tumors.

Background: Minimally invasive operative approaches for resection and thermal ablation (eg, microwave, radiofrequency) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been successfully implemented over the last two decades, although identifying tumors can be challenging. Successfully performing laparoscopic ablation requires real-time visualization and ultrasonography skills for direct placement of the ablation probe.

Methods: In this study, we introduce a novel adjunct to ultrasound imaging for tumors located near or on the surface of the liver via intravenous delivery of indocyanine green (ICG) dye.

Type 3c: Understanding pancreatogenic diabetes.

Type 3c diabetes, also known as pancreatogenic diabetes, occurs when primary pancreatic disorders damage the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes, type 3c diabetes is different in cause, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis. Patients with type 3c diabetes are more likely to experience complications and death related to hypoglycemic events.

The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult kidney transplant patients: A qualitative systematic review of literature.

Background: A paucity of evidence exists regarding the risks and benefits of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in adult kidney transplantation.

Methods: This was a systematic review conducted from Jan 1, 2000 to April 24, 2020 of adult kidney transplant recipients (pre- or post- transplant) and donors who underwent veno-arterial or veno-venous ECMO cannulation. Death and graft function were the primary outcomes, with complications as secondary outcomes.

"Lichenoid Granulomatous Pattern" in a Case of Lupus Vulgaris.

Lupus vulgaris is a one of the most common skin infections in the Indian subcontinent. Even today, it often creates a diagnostic dilemma for both clinicians and histopathologists. We describe a case of lupus vulgaris that showed lichenoid granulomatous inflammation in the dermis.

Differential Performance of Machine Learning Models in Prediction of Procedure-Specific Outcomes.

Background: Procedure-specific complications can have devastating consequences. Machine learning-based tools have the potential to outperform traditional statistical modeling in predicting their risk and guiding decision-making. We sought to develop and compare deep neural network (NN) models, a type of machine learning, to logistic regression (LR) for predicting anastomotic leak after colectomy, bile leak after hepatectomy, and pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Pharmacological management of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with auto-islet transplantation.

Chronic pancreatitis results in permanent parenchymal destruction of the pancreas gland leading to anatomical and physiological consequences for patients. Surgical management varies, and some patients require total pancreatectomy with autologous islet cell transplantation (TPIAT). Patients undergoing TPIAT require complex and diligent management after surgery.