Unobserved Observers: Nurses' Perspectives About Sharing Feedback on the Performance of Resident Physicians.

Purpose: Postgraduate training programs are incorporating feedback from registered nurses (RNs) to facilitate holistic assessments of resident performance. RNs are a potentially rich source of feedback because they often observe trainees during clinical encounters when physician supervisors are not present. However, RN perspectives about sharing feedback have not been deeply explored.

What trainees grapple with: a study of threshold concepts on the medicine ward.

Objectives: Socialisation theories of professional identity formation (PIF) consider clinical rotations to be critically intense transformative experiences. However, few studies have explored what trainees grapple with during these transformative experiences or their influence on performance. Applying a threshold concepts (TCs) lens, this study investigates and documents 'troublesome' and 'transformative' concepts that junior trainees may encounter during a clinical rotation.

Is caregiver refusal of analgesics a barrier to pediatric emergency pain management? A cross-sectional study in two Canadian centres.

Objectives: The suboptimal provision of analgesia to children in the emergency department (ED) is well-described. A yet unexplored barrier is caregiver or child refusal of analgesia. We sought to evaluate the frequency of caregiver/child acceptance of analgesia offered in the ED.