Practical guidance on the assessment of radiation risks for diagnostic radiological examinations.

Patient doses cannot be limited; instead, radiological examinations should be justified and optimised to ensure the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic effect with the lowest patient dose achievable. Assessment of the radiation risks from patient exposure is important part of the justification process. Hence, medical staff within the framework of their professional activities should possess necessary information on the data on radiation risk from different types of radiological procedures.

Ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs at grasslands and forests in the area of the Belarusian NPP in the pre-commissioning period (2019).

In situ gamma-spectrometric measurements were performed at grasslands (45 plots) and forests (6 plots) in the vicinity of the Belarusian nuclear power plant in September-October 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the baseline level of ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs in the period preceding the commissioning of the NPP. The study revealed more than a 2-fold variability in values of the total ambient dose equivalent rate: from 29 to 72 nSv/h.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Standardized Uptake Values of F-fluorodeoxyglucose in Lung Lesions Based on Phantom Studies.

Unlabelled: was to estimate the accuracy of standardized uptake values of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) in lung lesions during positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, based on phantom studies performed for different PET/CT scanners.

Materials And Methods: The analysis of the PET/CT with F-FDG data was performed for 86 patients newly diagnosed with the lung lesions: malignant tumors (n=37), benign tumors and inflammatory diseases (n=49). The criteria for inclusion in the study were developed considering the recommendations of the Fleischner Society (2017).

COMPARISON OF ORGAN ABSORBED DOSES IN WHOLE-BODY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS OF PAEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENT MODELS ESTIMATED BY DIFFERENT METHODS.

This study aimed to identify the uncertainty in estimations of organ absorbed dose using dedicated software by comparing with corresponding doses measured in physical phantoms. The comparison was performed for whole-body computed tomography (CT) obtained as part of positron emission tomography. Whole-body CT scans provide an advantage in terms of comparison because all organs are in the primary beam of the irradiated area.

Optimisation of environmental remediation: how to select and use the reference levels.

A number of past industrial activities and accidents have resulted in the radioactive contamination of large areas at many sites around the world, giving rise to a need for remediation. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), such situations should be managed as existing exposure situations (ExESs). Control of exposure to the public in ExESs is based on the application of appropriate reference levels (RLs) for residual doses.

Patient doses from medical examinations in Russia: 2009-2015.

The aim of this study was to evaluate adult patient doses in Russia in the context of patient protection. Effective doses from x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations were assessed using two approaches. The first was based on data collection performed by the authors in hospitals in St.

PROPOSALS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR RADIOGRAPHY FOR ADULT PATIENTS BASED ON REGIONAL DOSE SURVEYS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

In 2009-2014, dose surveys aimed to collect adult patient data and parameters of most common radiographic examinations were performed in six Russian regions. Typical patient doses were estimated for the selected examinations both in entrance surface dose and in effective dose. 75%-percentiles of typical patient effective dose distributions were proposed as preliminary regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for radiography.

INVESTIGATION OF PARTIAL VOLUME EFFECT IN DIFFERENT PET/CT SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS USING THE MADEIRA PHANTOM AND THE NEMA NU-2 2001 PHANTOM.

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a quantitative technique used for diagnosing various diseases and for monitoring treatment response for different types of tumours. However, the accuracy of the data is limited by the spatial resolution of the system. In addition, the so-called partial volume effect (PVE) causes a blurring of image structures, which in turn may cause an underestimation of activity of a structure with high-activity content.

PATIENT DOSES IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS IN TWO REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

Computed tomography (CT) is often a justified diagnostic tool, but is also associated with high exposure of the patients. Due to the rapid increase in the number of CT units and thus the availability of CT examinations in Russia, there is a growing need for optimisation within this field. In order to develop proper optimisation procedures for CT, the two regions St.

Russian practical guidance on radiological support for justification of X-ray and nuclear medicine examinations.

An important part of the justification process is assessment of the radiation risks caused by exposure of a patient during examination. The authors developed official national methodology both for medical doctors and sanitary inspectors called 'assessment of radiation risks of patients undergoing diagnostic examinations with the use of ionizing radiation'. The document addresses patients of various age groups and a wide spectrum of modern X-ray and nuclear medicine examinations.

Nuclear medicine examinations of children in Russia.

The number and specification of radionuclide examinations, administrated activity and effective doses were collected during 2011-13 for 4944 paediatric patients from 10 nuclear medicine (NM) departments of some Russian regions. The kidney examinations account for about 70 % of paediatric NM examinations in general hospitals. Diagnostics of all other organs contribute from 2 to 8 % each in the total number of paediatric examinations.