Aerodigestive Sequelae and Triple Endoscopy after Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair in Children.

Unlabelled: Children post-tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair may present with chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms that can affect quality of life.

Objective: To identify factors associated with positive findings on triple endoscopy following neonatal TEF repair.

Study Design: Case series with retrospective review of patients.

Mechanistic model advancements for optimal calcium removal in water treatment: Integral operation improvements and reactor design strategies.

Drinking water softening has primarily prioritized public health, environmental benefits, social costs and enhanced client comfort. Annually, over 35 billion cubic meters of water is softened worldwide, often utilizing three main techniques: nanofiltration, ion exchange and seeded crystallization by pellet softening. However, recent modifications in pellet softening, including changes in seeding materials and acid conditioning used post-softening, have not fully achieved desired flexibility and optimization.

Failure to Thrive, Metabolic Acidosis, and Diarrhea in a 7-Week-Old Infant.

A 7-week-old infant presented to the emergency department with fussiness, decreased oral intake, loose stool, and respiratory distress for 2 days. The patient was born full-term with an uncomplicated birth history but had a history of slow weight gain. He was alert, but toxic-appearing at presentation, hypothermic with signs of dehydration, and with respiratory failure.

Ineffective esophageal motility: Characterization and outcomes across pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility centers in the United States.

Objectives: Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) on high-resolution manometry (HRM) is not consistently associated with specific clinical syndromes or outcomes. We evaluated the prevalence, clinical features, management, and outcomes of pediatric IEM patients across the United States.

Methods: Clinical and manometric characteristics of children undergoing esophageal HRM during 2021-2022 were collected from 12 pediatric motility centers.

Consensus on intake questionnaire data elements in the development of an aerodigestive registry.

Objective: To define the essential elements of the intake questionnaire that will be a part of a larger multicenter registry for aerodigestive patients.

Methods: A modified Delphi method was utilized to obtain consensus on the data elements that should warrant inclusion in the final research database. Patient questionnaires from the eight participating institutions were reviewed and individual elements were aggregated into 14 categories.

Laryngeal clefts in Prader-Willi syndrome: Feeding difficulties and aspiration not always caused by hypotonia.

Feeding difficulties, aspiration, and failure to thrive in infancy are commonly seen in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and attributed to hypotonia. Patients with PWS and laryngeal clefts were identified by review of medical records at three tertiary care children's hospitals between 2017 and 2022. We present three patients with PWS with feeding difficulties who were also found to have laryngeal clefts which likely contributed to their feeding difficulties.

A multicenter registry study on percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation for pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Objectives: Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has demonstrated promise in single-center trials for pediatric abdominal pain-related disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Our aim was to explore efficacy of PENFS as standard therapy for DGBI in a registry involving multiple pediatric gastroenterology referral centers.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective open-label registry of children (8-18 years) undergoing PENFS for DGBI at seven tertiary care gastroenterology clinics.

Elicitation and aggregation of multimodal estimates improve wisdom of crowd effects on ordering tasks.

We present a wisdom of crowds study where participants are asked to order a small set of images based on the number of dots they contain and then to guess the respective number of dots in each image. We test two input elicitation interfaces-one elicits the two modalities of estimates jointly and the other independently. We show that the latter interface yields higher quality estimates, even though the multimodal estimates tend to be more self-contradictory.

A review of mathematical models of human trust in automation.

Understanding how people trust autonomous systems is crucial to achieving better performance and safety in human-autonomy teaming. Trust in automation is a rich and complex process that has given rise to numerous measures and approaches aimed at comprehending and examining it. Although researchers have been developing models for understanding the dynamics of trust in automation for several decades, these models are primarily conceptual and often involve components that are difficult to measure.

Measuring trust: a text analysis approach to compare, contrast, and select trust questionnaires.

Introduction: Trust has emerged as a prevalent construct to describe relationships between people and between people and technology in myriad domains. Across disciplines, researchers have relied on many different questionnaires to measure trust. The degree to which these questionnaires differ has not been systematically explored.

Triple endoscopy and recurrent croup in children: A single aerodigestive center experience.

Objective: To determine the utility of triple endoscopy (combined direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy (DLB), flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (FB + BAL), and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)) in the diagnosis and management of patients with recurrent croup (RC), and to identify predictors of endoscopic findings METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients (age <18 years) with RC evaluated by triple endoscopy at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2010 to 2021. Data including presenting symptoms, airway findings, BAL and EGD with biopsy findings were collected.

Results: 42 patients with RC underwent triple endoscopy were included.

Diagnostic Utility of Mucosal Biopsies Taken During Colonoscopy-Guided Colonic Manometry Catheter Placement.

Objectives: The diagnostic utility of mucosal biopsies taken during colonoscopy-guided colonic manometry catheter placement is unknown. The aims of our study were to determine the frequency and histopathology results of mucosal biopsies during these procedures and to assess whether there were any associations between the histology or gross findings with manometry results.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of children who had a colonic manometry study completed between 2008 and 2020 at a quaternary children's hospital.

Pediatric Aerodigestive Medicine: Advancing Collaborative Care for Children With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia.

Objectives: Aerodigestive disorders encompass various pathological conditions affecting the lungs, upper airway, and gastrointestinal tract in children. While advanced care has primarily occurred in specialty centers, many children first present to general pediatric gastroenterologists with aerodigestive symptoms necessitating awareness of these conditions. At the 2021 Annual North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition meeting, the aerodigestive Special Interest Group held a full-day symposium entitled, Pediatric Aerodigestive Medicine: Advancing Collaborative Care of Children with Aerodigestive Disorders.

Evaluating the Impact of Uncertainty Visualization on Model Reliance.

Machine learning models have gained traction as decision support tools for tasks that require processing copious amounts of data. However, to achieve the primary benefits of automating this part of decision-making, people must be able to trust the machine learning model's outputs. In order to enhance people's trust and promote appropriate reliance on the model, visualization techniques such as interactive model steering, performance analysis, model comparison, and uncertainty visualization have been proposed.

Joint estimation of relaxation and diffusion tissue parameters for prostate cancer with relaxation-VERDICT MRI.

This work presents a biophysical model of diffusion and relaxation MRI for prostate called relaxation vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumours (rVERDICT). The model includes compartment-specific relaxation effects providing T1/T2 estimates and microstructural parameters unbiased by relaxation properties of the tissue. 44 men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) underwent multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) and VERDICT-MRI followed by targeted biopsy.

The Role of Pediatric Gastroenterologists in the Evaluation of Complex Aerodigestive Disorders.

Purpose Of Review: Children with aerodigestive disorders frequently have concerns regarding difficulty breathing, swallowing, and growing. In this review, we explored the role of pediatric gastroenterologists in the evaluation of complex aerodigestive disorders and the overall approach to these often-challenging patients.

Recent Findings: Pediatric gastroenterologists evaluate children with aerodigestive concerns ranging from dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux to complex congenital abnormalities such as esophageal atresia.

A multi-disciplinary approach to chronic cough in children.

Objectives: (1) To highlight the important causes of chronic and recurrent cough in children. (2) To discuss multidisciplinary approach to management of chronic/recurrent pediatric cough.

Methods: Review of scholarly articles, guidelines, expert panels via PubMed and Google Scholar.

Aortic Arch Management During Acute and Subacute Type A Aortic Syndromes.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of no arch intervention, hemiarch replacement, and total arch replacement during type A aortic syndromes in a contemporary series.

Methods: From 2004 to 2019, 634 patients have required acute type A dissection repair; these patients were divided into three groups based on type of arch intervention performed: no arch (n = 130), hemiarch (n = 397), and total arch (n = 107). The primary endpoint was mortality; a multivariable risk factor analysis was performed.