Dynamics of Cytokine, SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG, and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Convalescent Plasma.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious illness worldwide. While guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 have been established, the understanding of the relationship among neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, and the combined use of antiviral medications, steroid drugs, and convalescent plasma therapy remains limited. Here, we investigated the connection between the immunological response and the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe pneumonia.

Chlorhexidine Promotes Expression in That Enhances Cell Aggregation with Preserved Pathogenicity Demonstrates an Adaptation against Antiseptic.

Because is frequently in contact with Chlorhexidine (a regular antiseptic), bacterial adaptations are possible. In comparison with the parent strain, the Chlorhexidine-adapted strain formed smaller colonies with metabolic downregulation (proteomic analysis) with the cross-resistance against colistin (an antibiotic for several antibiotic-resistant bacteria), partly through the modification of L-Ara4N in the lipopolysaccharide at the outer membrane. Chlorhexidine-adapted strain formed dense liquid-solid interface biofilms with enhanced cell aggregation partly due to the Chlorhexidine-induced overexpression of (exopolysaccharide-encoded gene) through the LadS/GacSA pathway (c-di-GMP-independence) in 12 h biofilms and maintained the aggregation with SiaD-mediated c-di-GMP dependence in 24 h biofilms as evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

IL-1Ra and sVCAM-1 in chikungunya virus infection.

Mediators involving in inflammation induction and regulation have been investigated as biomarkers for severe joint pain induced by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. In this report, observational study was conducted to determine levels of an antagonist of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1Ra) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in CHIKV patients with different disease severity. CHIKV infection patients presented without (n = 199) and with joint pain (n = 262) were included.

Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients.

Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 over time in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study.

Atypical skin manifestation in severe acute chikungunya infection in a pregnant woman: a case report.

Introduction: Patients with chikungunya virus infection commonly present with fever, skin rash, and severe joint pain. The vesiculobullous rash is rare in adults but common in infants. In addition, septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome are rare complications of atypical and severe acute chikungunya infection.

Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950's to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attributed to the Asian genotype.

Long-term specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in recovered COVID-19 patients.

This study monitored the long-term immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in patients who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) titer in serum samples collected at a single (N = 302) or multiple time points (N = 229) 3-12 months after COVID-19 symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens was measured by semiquantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The 531 patients (966 specimens) were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumonia symptoms.

Presence of on Biofilms Facilitated Biofilm Production and Dissemination: An Impact of Fungi on Bacterial Biofilms.

While (SE) is a common cause of infections in implanted prostheses and other indwelling devices, partly due to the biofilm formation, (CT) is an emerging spp. with a potent biofilm-producing property. Due to the possible coexistence between SE and CT infection in the same patient, characteristics of the polymicrobial biofilms from both organisms might be different from those of the biofilms of each organism.

Leptospira collagenase and LipL32 for antibody detection in leptospirosis.

Various Leptospira components have been identified as candidate antigens for the detection of antibody to Leptospira. LipL32 is a Leptospira membrane protein which has been widely studied. The report of Leptospira whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that pathogenic Leptospira contained the nucleotide sequence (colA gene) coding for the collagenase.

Comparative genome characterization of Leptospira interrogans from mild and severe leptospirosis patients.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. In Thailand, Leptospira interrogans is a major cause of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis patients present with a wide range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic, mild infections to severe illness involving organ failure.

The role of leptospiremia and specific immune response in severe leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis can cause a high mortality rate, especially in severe cases. This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to examine both host and pathogen factors that might contribute to the disease severity. A total of 217 leptospirosis patients were recruited and divided into two groups of non-severe and severe.

Rheumatic manifestations of Chikungunya virus infection: Prevalence, patterns, and enthesitis.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. CHIKV infection causes various rheumatic symptoms, including enthesitis; however, these effects are rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the rheumatic manifestations in CHIKV infection, estimate the prevalence of enthesitis in CHIKV-infected patients, and determine the factors associated with CHIKV-induced enthesitis.

Large-scale outbreak of Chikungunya virus infection in Thailand, 2018-2019.

Between 2018 and 2019, the incidence of chikungunya was approximately 15,000 cases across 60 provinces in Thailand. Here, the clinical presentations in chikungunya, emergent pattern, and genomic diversity of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causing this massive outbreak were demonstrated. A total of 1,806 sera samples from suspected cases of chikungunya were collected from 13 provinces in Thailand, and samples were tested for the presence of CHIKV RNA, IgG, and IgM using real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), commercial immunoassay (rapid test).

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Induced by in TLR2-Overexpressed HEK293 Cells.

infection can cause potential hazards to human health by stimulating inflammation, which is mediated mainly through the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising for medical applications, as they display both bioinert and noncytotoxic characteristics. AuNPs have been shown to have the ability to modify immune responses.

Endotoxemia and circulating bacteriome in severe COVID-19 patients.

Background: When severe, COVID-19 shares many clinical features with bacterial sepsis. Yet, secondary bacterial infection is uncommon. However, as epithelium is injured and barrier function is lost, bacterial products entering the circulation might contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in recovered COVID-19 cases and the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered COVID-19 cases and close contacts, Thailand, April-June 2020.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although Thailand has been fairly effective at controlling the spread of COVID-19, continued disease surveillance and information on antibody response in recovered patients and their close contacts remain necessary in the absence of approved vaccines and antivirals. Here, we examined 217 recovered COVID-19 patients to assess their viral RNA shedding and residual antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

IL-18: a suggested target for immunomodulation in chikungunya virus infection.

Chronic joint pain is the most common pathology found in chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected patients. Eight cytokines were compared in CHIKV patients with and without joint pain. IL-4 and IL-13 levels were significantly lower in patients with joint pain (p = 0.

Molecular epidemiology of the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Thailand in 2020.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global concern. Several SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations have been reported. In the current study associations between SARS-CoV-2 gene variation and exposure history during the first wave of the outbreak in Thailand between January and May 2020 were investigated.

High prevalence of DS-1-like rotavirus infection in Thai adults between 2016 and 2019.

Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants and young children but uncommon and usually asymptomatic in adults. In the winter of 2017-2018, a large-scale outbreak of rotavirus in both children and adults was reported in Thailand. The current study focused on the prevalence, genotyping, and molecular characterization of rotavirus infections in Thai adults from July 2016 to December 2019.

Cytokines and Chemokines in Chikungunya Virus Infection: Protection or Induction of Pathology.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been commonly detected in tropical countries. The clinical manifestations of CHIKV infection are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis. Outbreaks of CHIKV infection in Thailand have been reported, and the inductions of various cytokines and chemokines in CHIKV patients during those outbreaks have been shown.

Hepatitis E virus infection in Thai blood donors.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in several industrialized and developing countries is associated with the consumption of pork and other meat products, an exposure risk among the majority of blood donors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in plasma from healthy blood donors in Thailand.

Study Design And Methods: We screened blood samples collected between October and December 2015, from 30,115 individual blood donors in 5020 pools of six, for HEV RNA using in-house real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Vitamin D supplementation improves serum markers associated with hepatic fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Hepatic fibrosis is the net accumulation of matrix tissue components which controlled by pro-fibrolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and pro-fibrotic cytokine, TGF-β, and enzymes, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Vitamin D (VD) supplementation has been shown to reverse these processes in vitro and in vivo. This study sought to determine the effect of VD supplementation on serum fibrotic markers in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

Correction of vitamin D deficiency facilitated suppression of IP-10 and DPP IV levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomised double-blinded, placebo-control trial.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D deficiency was common among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and had negative influence on treatment outcome. Correction of vitamin D deficiency improved treatment response. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV) involved in inflammatory responses in CHC.

Hepatitis E Virus in Pork and Variety Meats Sold in Fresh Markets.

Swine is an economically important livestock, yet pork consumption and close contact with pigs are associated with the risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Limited data on the prevalence of HEV in Southeast Asia have mainly examined farm animals. To investigate the potential zoonotic transmission of HEV from dietary consumption of pork and variety meats (i.