New Paradigms in Rejection Monitoring: Lymphocyte Subsets as Noninvasive Graft Markers in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.

Background: In vascularized composite allotransplantation, face transplantation stands as a transformative intervention for patients with severe facial disfigurement. Monitoring of graft rejection, however, remains a critical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the role of lymphocyte subsets in the early detection and monitoring of graft rejection in face transplantation.

Gynecologic Cancer Screening and Prevention: State of the Science and Practice.

Gynecological cancers, including cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvovaginal cancer, have increasing incidence and mortality globally over the last three decades. In that time, there have been advances in medical therapies and paradigm shifts in surgical treatment which have resulted in a greater quality of life for patients. Clinicians have also refocused efforts to preventing gynecologic cancer.

Development of a Pediatric Age-Based and Weight-Adjusted Nomogram for Bladder Volumes Associated With Successful Completion of Transabdominal Pelvic Ultrasound (TPU).

Objective: To develop a nomogram for pediatric bladder volumes associated with the successful completion of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound (TPU) in female pediatric patients presenting with lower abdominal and/or pelvic pain in the emergency department. This study hypothesizes that the target bladder volumes for successful TPU vary by age and weight.

Methods: We retrospectively calculated bladder volumes on all successful transabdominal pelvic ultrasound studies during a 2-year period for patients 8 to 18 years old by ellipsoid bladder volume formula using the largest cross-sectional areas captured on transverse and longitudinal cine clips.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Genioplasty in Facial Feminization Surgery: A Systematic Review and Institutional Cohort Study.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is critical to gender-affirming surgery, consisting of craniomaxillofacial procedures to align facial features with a patient's gender identity. Central to FFS is genioplasty, which reshapes or repositions the chin; however, limited research exists on genioplasty in FFS. This review and cohort analysis aim to evaluate current practices and outcomes for individuals undergoing FFS with genioplasty.

Current Trends in Deep Plane Neck Lifting: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The aging neck is a prevalent aesthetic concern, with over 160,000 neck procedures performed in 2020. It is characterized by increased soft tissue laxity and displacement of cervical structures. While nonsurgical interventions like cryoablation and laser resurfacing show promise, their variable responses highlight the necessity for surgical solutions.

18F-FDG-PET and other imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that presents complex diagnostic and management challenges. Early detection and treatment of IBD is paramount, as IBD can present with serious complications, including bowel perforation, arthritis, and colorectal cancer. Most forms of diagnosis and therapeutic management, like ileocolonoscopy and upper endoscopy are highly invasive and require extensive preparation at great discomfort to patients.

The Effects of Perioperative Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy on Facial Feminization Surgery Adverse Events, Facial Features Addressed, and Esthetic Satisfaction: A Multimodal Analysis.

Objective: Facial feminization surgery (FFS) treats gender dysphoria in transfeminine patients by addressing the facial bony and soft tissue components. Individuals seeking FFS may be taking gender-affirming hormone replacement therapy [gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT)]. This study aims to better characterize the GAHT's impact on venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, surgical planning, and outcomes.

Sustainable Production of Biomass-Derived Graphite and Graphene Conductive Inks from Biochar.

Graphite is a commonly used raw material across many industries and the demand for high-quality graphite has been increasing in recent years, especially as a primary component for lithium-ion batteries. However, graphite production is currently limited by production shortages, uneven geographical distribution, and significant environmental impacts incurred from conventional processing. Here, an efficient method of synthesizing biomass-derived graphite from biochar is presented as a sustainable alternative to natural and synthetic graphite.

Reshaping Faces, Redefining Risks: A Systematic Review of Orthognathic Surgery Outcomes in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

This study aims to determine a generalized outcome and risk profile for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for the definitive treatment of cleft lip and palate. Furthermore, we hope to determine the key risk factors that cause increased risk for cleft lip and palate patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. This study includes a systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus.

From Selfies to Surgery: Unveiling Trends and Ethical Considerations in Facial Feminization on Instagram.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a critical gender-affirming intervention utilized to alleviate gender dysphoria. This study investigates the role of Instagram in shaping public perceptions and disseminating information about FFS. The authors analyzed the most recent 500 Instagram posts using the hashtag "#facialfeminizationsurgery" through a nonbiased data scraping platform between June 1, 2023 and October 13, 2023.

Anterior Labrum Periosteal Sleeve Avulsion Lesions of the Shoulder: A Scoping Review.

Background: Anterior labrum periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesion of the shoulder is defined as a labral avulsion with an intact periosteum of the glenoid neck resulting in medial malattachment of the labrum, which is both nonanatomic and nonfunctional. It is relatively rare compared with Bankart lesions, and its results are usually reported in combination with other anterior labroligamentous lesions in the literature.

Purpose: To (1) assess the size and scope of the literature on ALPSA lesions, (2) highlight the importance of this lesion, and (3) distinguish between ALPSA and Bankart lesions in diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Computerized Surgical Planning in Face Transplantation.

Face transplantation (FT) has emerged as a critical intervention for patients with complex facial deformities unsuitable for conventional reconstructive methods. It aims to restore essential functions such as facial expression, mastication, and speech, while also improving psychosocial health. The procedure utilizes various surgical principles, addressing unique challenges of craniofacial complexity and diverse injury patterns.

Association Between Modified Frailty Index and Postoperative Outcomes of Cricopharyngeal Myotomy.

Objective: The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) is a comorbidity-based risk stratification tool previously validated in patients undergoing several surgical procedures. This study investigates the association between mFI-5 score and cricopharyngeal myotomy (CM) complications.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Novel Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.

Background: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a viable option for restoration of devastating injuries that are not amenable to conventional reconstructive techniques. However, the relative scarcity of procedures performed worldwide, as well as the potential for iatrogenic injury with biopsies, makes studying the immunopathogenesis of acute rejection challenging. Translational VCA research focuses on developing strategies to overcome these barriers with the use of animal models can be technically challenging and difficult to replicate without highly trained microsurgeons.

Improving Turnaround Time of Transabdominal Pelvic Ultrasounds with Ovarian Doppler in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Introduction: Adnexal torsion is an emergent surgical condition. Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound (US) with ovarian Doppler is used to diagnose adnexal torsion and requires a sufficient bladder volume. Reduce the turnaround time for US by 25% in girls 8-18 years of age who present to the emergency department (ED) for 24 months.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation barely enhances working memory in healthy adults: A meta-analysis.

Working memory (WM) is a pivotal neural mechanism for cognitive function and ability. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was used to improve WM by entraining key brain rhythms. We submitted to meta-analysis 143 effects of tACS on WM performance, found in 42 reports published between 2014 and 2023, encompassing a total of 1386 healthy adults stimulated.

No effects of the theta-frequency transcranial electrical stimulation for recall, attention control, and relation integration in working memory.

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and especially the theta-frequency tACS, can improve human performance on working memory tasks. However, evidence to date is mixed. Moreover, the two WM tasks applied most frequently, namely the n-back and change-detection tasks, might not constitute canonical measures of WM capacity.

Black Esophagus: A Rare Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) also known as necrotizing esophagitis or black esophagus is an extremely rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This condition is considerably rare, and the exact pathophysiology of the development of AEN is still unclear. There is consensus that it is caused by a combination of esophageal mucosal injury due to gastric acid and ischemic injury due to vascular compromise.

Association Between Modified Frailty Index and Postoperative Outcomes of Tracheostomies.

Objective: The 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been used to stratify patients based on the risk of postoperative complications in several surgical procedures but has not yet been done in tracheostomies. This study investigates the association between the mFI-5 score and tracheostomy complications.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

High-Index NiO Particle Synthesis in Alkali Chloride Salts: Nonclassical Crystallization Pathways and Thermally-Induced Surface Restructuring.

The formation mechanism(s) of high-index facets in metal oxides is not widely understood but remains a topic of interest owing to the challenges of stabilizing high-energy surfaces. These metal oxide crystal surfaces are expected to provide unique physicochemical characteristics; therefore, understanding crystallization pathways may enable the rational design of materials with controlled properties. Here the crystallization of NiO via thermal decomposition of a nickel source in excess of alkali chlorides is examined, focusing on KCl, which produces trapezohedral NiO (311) particles that are difficult to achieve through alternative methods.

A Novel Risk Score to Guide the Evaluation of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children.

Objectives: To identify independent predictors of and derive a risk score for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) in children.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study of children >90 days to <18 years of age undergoing evaluation for a suspected musculoskeletal (MSK) infection from 2017 to 2019 at 23 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee. Cases were identified by diagnosis codes and confirmed by chart review to meet accepted diagnostic criteria for AHO.