Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing genes in gram-negative bacterial isolates from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients.

Background: Progressive decline of immune response in HIV patients makes them susceptible to frequent bacterial infections. High usage of antibiotics influences the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and worsens the clinical outcomes. In this study, the occurrence of drug-resistant genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from HIV patients in South India was analyzed.

Association of circulatory Tfh-like cells with neutralizing antibody responses among chronic HIV-1 subtype C infected long-term nonprogressors and progressors.

HIV-1 vaccine functioning relies on successful induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). CXCR3- circulatory T-follicular helper (cTfh) cells are necessary for inducing B-cells for generating bNAbs. Recent studies have suggested that CXCR3+ Tfh cells might also influence bNAb production.

Changing antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIV patients (2012-2017) in Southern India.

Purpose: Emergence of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in HIV patients limit the treatment options and challenge the clinical management of infections. The periodic monitoring of S. aureus infections and its drug resistance profile in HIV patients are of paramount importance in clinical management.

HIV-specific T-cell Responses and Generalized Activation in HIV-1 Infected Long-term Non-progressors and Progressors from South India.

Background: Anti-viral cytokine expressions by cytotoxic T-cells and lower activation rates have been reported to correlate with suppressed HIV replication in long-term non-progressors (LTNP). Immune mechanisms underlying disease non-progression in LTNP might vary with HIV-1 subtype and geographical locations.

Objective: This study evaluates cytokine expression and T-cells activation in relation to disease non-progression in LTNP.

Changing drug resistance profile in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among HIV patients from 2010-2017: A retrospective study.

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important aetiological agent causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. High antibiotic use in nosocomial settings and for immunocompromised conditions results in increasing multidrug resistance. This study analysed the antimicrobial resistance profile of P.

Broad neutralization response in a subset of HIV-1 subtype C-infected viraemic non-progressors from southern India.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been considered to be potent therapeutic tools and potential vaccine candidates to enable protection against various clades of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The generation of bnAbs has been associated with enhanced exposure to antigen, high viral load and low CD4+ T cell counts, among other factors. However, only limited data are available on the generation of bnAbs in viraemic non-progressors that demonstrate moderate to high viraemia.

Performance of point-of-care Xpert HIV-1 plasma viral load assay at a tertiary HIV care centre in Southern India.

Background: Sustainable suppression of HIV replication forms the basis of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) medication. Thus, reliable quantification of HIV viral load has become an essential factor to monitor the effectiveness of the ART. Longer turnaround-time (TAT), batch testing and technical skills are major drawbacks of standard real-time PCR assays.