Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome.

: People with Down syndrome (DS) are deficient in verbal memory but relatively preserved in visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Receptive ability is better than expressive ability in people with DS but still seriously lags behind their age-matched controls.

The COVIDTW2 study: Role of COVID-19 vaccination in intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome in Taiwan.

Background: COVID-19 vaccines have reduced the risk of disease progression to respiratory failure or death. However, in patients with breakthrough infections requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, the effect of prior COVID-19 vaccination on mortality remains inconclusive.

Method: We retrospectively analyzed data on patients intubated due to COVID-19 pneumonia between May 1, 2022 and October 31, 2022.

Computerized False Belief Tasks Impact Mentalizing Ability in People with Williams Syndrome.

People with Williams syndrome (WS) are characterized by hyper sociability, fluency in languages, and advantageous face-processing skills, leading to the proposal of a social module. Previous studies on the mentalizing abilities of people with WS using two-dimensional pictures, including normal-like, delayed, and deviant behaviors, have yielded mixed results. Thus, this study examined the mentalizing ability of people with WS through structured computerized animations of false belief tasks to investigate whether inferences about other people's minds can be improved in this population.

Emotion Priming in People with Williams Syndrome.

Emotion categories configure the basic semantic knowledge of the human cognitive structure. Previous studies with people with Williams syndrome (WS) investigated their ability to process basic emotions and the dimensions of emotional valences. However, little is known about the categorization of emotions from the subordinate perspective of lexical words in people with WS.

Contextual effects on the figurative processing of nouns and verbs in people with Williams syndrome.

Background: People with Williams syndrome (WS) are relatively proficient with lexical semantics; however, their contextual integration ability is impaired. Few studies have examined the cause of this deficiency.

Aims: This study aimed to examine how people with WS process the integration of lexical words into contexts and determine whether this processing differs across syntactic categories.

Investigating basic emotion knowledge of people with Williams syndrome.

Background: Emotional recognition is a key aspect of mentalizing other people's minds. People with Williams syndrome (WS) are reported to be hypersocial and empathetic; however, few studies have investigated their emotion processing ability.

Aims: This study aimed to examine emotion knowledge in people with WS and to further understand their emotion-related mentalizing ability.

Loss of frontal regulator of vigilance during sleep inertia: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study.

Sleep inertia refers to a distinct physiological state of waking up from sleep accompanied by performance impairments and sleepiness. The neural substrates of sleep inertia are unknown, but growing evidence suggests that this inertia state maintains certain sleep features. To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep inertia, a comparison of pre-sleep and post-sleep wakefulness with eyes-open resting-state was performed using simultaneous EEG-fMRI, which has the potential to reveal the dynamic details of neuroelectric and hemodynamic responses with high temporal resolution.

Understanding emotional language through events and words in people with Williams syndrome.

Previous studies have mainly examined emotion recognition through face processing in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS). Contextual integration is an automatic and basic comprehension ability emerged from distinct modalities. This ability requires sensation to global configuration and local elements.

Contextual effects on semantic grouping in individuals with Down syndrome.

Objective: Individuals with Down syndrome have impaired linguistic ability but relatively good visuospatial cognition. A verbal-with-visual presentation enhanced the semantic grouping in individuals with Down syndrome, whereas a verbal presentation did not have this effect. This study aims to examine the influence of visual presentation on semantic grouping in individuals with Down syndrome.

Modality effect on contextual integration in people with Williams syndrome.

In this study meaningful social stimuli were used as probes in a task requiring the judgment of semantic appropriateness to investigate contextual integration ability to test the ability of people with Williams syndrome (WS) to integrate information, as opposed to the use of meaningless syllables in audiovisual studies (the McGurk effect). Participants were presented with background auditory primes followed by targets that were either congruent or incongruent with the prime. Two modes of target were presented: a visual target (AV task) or an auditory target (AA task).

Cross-modal contextual coherence of information integration in people with Williams syndrome.

This study aimed to explore the generalization of contextual integration from within-modality (visual-visual) to cross-modal (visual-auditory) processing in people with Williams syndrome (WS), and to clarify whether the concreteness or social relatedness of stimuli contributed to contextual coherence using pictures. Contextual coherence was evaluated in accordance with context-appropriateness between visual backgrounds and auditory targets. The ability to judge appropriateness was defined as contextual integration ability, which leads to contextual coherence.

Contextual integration of causal coherence in people with Williams syndrome.

This study investigated causal coherence in people with Williams syndrome (WS). To advance our understanding of this clinical group, we examined their ability to make causal inferences, using their understanding of homonyms (words with the same spelling but distinct meanings) embedded in contexts. A minor goal was to use verbal stimuli to clarify Santos and Deruelle's (2009) findings on the knowledge of causality among people with WS.

Is the contextual effect weak in people with Williams syndrome? An investigation of information integration ability using pictures.

Previous studies have shown that deficiencies in visuospatial perception and semantic processing in people with Williams syndrome (WS) are due to deficient central cohesiveness. Unlike previous studies that used abstract stimuli, this study used pictures to determine the relative ability of people with WS to integrate contextual information with the aim of exploring the nature of central coherence in people with WS. Participants were sequentially presented with a leading background picture followed by a single-item target picture and required to assess the congruence of the two pictures.

Contextual effect in people with Williams syndrome.

This study was aimed at investigating the semantic integration ability of people with WS in building up a coherent and gist theme from the context of presented sentences. Previous studies have indicated rich lexical semantic knowledge and typical semantic priming in this clinical group, but atypical brainwave patterns have been reported in studies of semantic comprehension. An integration difficulty hypothesis of merging meanings into sentences was proposed to explain the discrepancy (Tyler et al.