Mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in obstructive sleep apnea.

We assessed mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in the upper airways of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Twenty subjects with mild and 40 with moderate to severe OSA requiring uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were included. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in uvula specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and their mRNA and protein expression was examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively.

Continuous positive airway pressure affects mitochondrial function and exhaled PGC1-α levels in obstructive sleep apnea.

Subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit systemic and upper airway oxidative stress and inflammation, which cause mitochondrial dysfunction. The intend of this study is to estimate mitochondrial function (mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA [Mt/N] ratio) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-coactivated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Twenty healthy individuals (control) and 40 subjects with severe or moderate OSA were recruited to undergo CPAP treatment and evaluation in a sleep study.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on resolvin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Resolvin is a checkpoint controller in inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an airway remodeling regulator. We evaluated the levels of resolvin and MMP-9 protein in the serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on exhaled transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Both transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are master regulators of airway remodeling; however, their pathological roles in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of TGF-β and VEGF protein in the serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in OSA patients.

Methods: Forty patients with moderate to severe OSA requiring CPAP and 20 healthy subjects were prospectively recruited.

Effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in brown Norway rats after repeated allergen challenge.

Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Two experimental groups of brown Norway rats that were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were given oral aminophylline (OA-aminophylline group) or saline only (OA-saline group).

Effect of oral appliance on circulating leukocyte telomere length and SIRT1 in obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: The increased cardiovascular risk seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be due to combination of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and damage to leukocyte telomere length (LTL) seen with aging. Another molecule, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone/protein deacetylase, regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and is involved in different aspects of cardiovascular disease, aging and stress resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on the circulating LTL and SIRT1 protein level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with OSA.

Effects of nasal CPAP on exhaled SIRT1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been used to examine airway inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate if there were abnormal Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in EBC and to determine if these levels could be improved after nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Thirty-five patients with moderately severe to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who wanted nasal CPAP treatment and 20 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled.

Effect of Nasal CPAP on SIRT1 and Endothelial Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone/protein deacetylase, has been implicated in aging, metabolism, and stress resistance. SIRT1 regulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, restores NO availability, and is involved in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate any abnormalities with regard to SIRT1 protein level in the blood, SIRT1 activity, and impaired endothelial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Effect of oral appliance on endothelial function in sleep apnea.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on serum levels of nitric oxide derivatives and endothelial function by endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Thirty patients with moderately severe-to-severe OSAS who desired MAD and 15 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. FMD was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography, while serum NO x level from peripheral blood samples was measured by ELISA.

Effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on leptin and endothelial function in sleep apnea.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on serum leptin levels and endothelial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects and 35 patients with moderate to severe OSAS who desired UPPP were prospectively enrolled. The serum levels of leptin and nitric oxide derivative (NOx) from their peripheral blood samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Effects of zileuton on airway smooth muscle remodeling after repeated allergen challenge in brown Norway rats.

Background: Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zileuton on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling.

Methods: Two experimental groups of brown Norway rats sensitized and repeatedly challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were given oral zileuton (OA-zileuton group) and oral saline only (OA-saline group).

Work of breathing and respiratory drive in obesity.

Obesity, particularly severe central obesity, affects respiratory physiology both at rest and during exercise. Reductions in expiratory reserve volume, functional residual capacity, respiratory system compliance and impaired respiratory system mechanics produce a restrictive ventilatory defect. Low functional residual capacity and reductions in expiratory reserve volume increase the risk of expiratory flow limitation and airway closure during quiet breathing.

Effects of erlotinib on pulmonary function and airway remodeling after sensitization and repeated allergen challenge in Brown-Norway rats.

Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can inhibit the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. It has been widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of erlotinib on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling in sensitized, ovalbumin-challenged rats.

Polysomnographic characteristics in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.

To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to clarify sleep characteristics in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), we performed overnight polysomnographic studies in 24 patients (22 males and 2 females; 3 with MPS I, 15 with MPS II, 1 with MPS III, 1 with MPS IV, and 4 with MPS VI; mean age, 10.8 ± 6.0 years; age range, 2.

Effect of treatment by nasal continuous positive airway pressure on serum high mobility group box-1 protein in obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Serum levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) are increased in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with inflammation secondary to chronic intermittent hypoxia, but HMGB1 levels in treated and untreated OSAS have not been evaluated.

Methods: Twenty healthy subjects and 30 subjects with moderately severe or severe OSAS who desired nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment were enrolled.

Effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: This study evaluates the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on serum levels of nitric oxide derivatives (NO(x)) and endothelial function by endothelium dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Subjects And Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects and 30 subjects with moderately severe to severe OSAS who desired UPPP were prospectively enrolled.

Effect of long term intermittent nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on patient with severe kyphoscoliosis and hypoxaemia.

Kyphoscoliosis is one of the causes of restrictive lung disease. It can lead to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure and hypoxaemia. The benefits of long term intermittent nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) to these patients have been shown in regard to improved vital capacity, total lung capacity, muscle strength and daytime oxygenation.

Work of breathing in eucapnic and hypercapnic sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: Upper airways in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are more likely narrower than those of normal subjects, a factor in increasing the work of breathing (WOB) in these individuals.

Objectives: To evaluate WOB while sitting and while supine, both awake and during stage 2 sleep, in patients with hypercapnic or eucapnic OSAS.

Method: Twenty normal control subjects without OSAS, 20 patients with eucapnic moderate or severe OSAS and another 8 patients with hypercapnic severe OSAS were studied.

Effect of erythromycin on bronchial hyperreactivity and inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized brown Norway rats.

To evaluate the effect of erythromycin on bronchial hyperreactivity, inflammation, and T-cell related cytokine mRNA expression in rats sensitized to ovalbumin, three experimental groups of 10 brown Norway rats each were sensitized by breathing aerosolized ovalbumin. From day 1 to day 15, one group was given oral erythromycin 80 mg/kg/day, another group oral erythromycin 20mg/kg/day, and the third group oral saline only. A fourth control group of 10 rats breathed aerosolized saline.

Polysomnographic characteristics in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome.

To evaluate the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing and to clarify the characteristics of sleep among patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Overnight continuous EEG-polysomnographic studies were performed in 30 patients with PWS (16 males and 14 females; mean age, 7.4 +/- 4.

Effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on work of breathing during wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objectives: We evaluated the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on the work of breathing (WOB) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects and 30 subjects with OSAS who desired UPPP were prospectively enrolled. All underwent measurement of WOB while awake as well as in a sleep study.

Relaxation of isolated guinea pig trachea by genistein via inhibition of phosphodiesterase.

We investigated the mechanisms of the relaxant action of genistein, an isoflavone, phytoestrogen and non-specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Changes in tension of guinea pig tracheal segments were isometrically recorded on a polygraph. Genistein concentration-dependently relaxed histamine (30 microM)-, carbachol (0.

Inhibition of allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity by recombinant lactic-acid bacteria.

Recombinant lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) are able to inhibit allergen-specific T-cell responses. In this study, we examined whether oral feeding of recombinant LAB was able to suppress allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity (AHR) in a murine model. Animals were intraperitoneally sensitized with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group-5 allergen (Der p 5) and orally treated with recombinant LAB containing a plasmid-encoded Der p 5 gene or placebo on day 7 and day 14 for three days consecutively.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

To investigate whether cardiac dysfunction or abnormal measurements on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are present in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and what factors are responsible for exercise limitation in these patients. We enrolled 20 patients with moderate or severe OSAS in the OSA group and 20 subjects without OSAS in the control group. All subjects underwent a sleep study and cardiac evaluation by radionuclide scanning and CPET.