Establishing patient partners' roles on research teams: a scoping review.

Background: There are a myriad of ways patient partners can enact their roles on research teams. International guidelines emphasize the need for a collaborative approach to determining these roles to try to improve research impact and positive patient partner experience. The aims of this review were to: (1) describe how patient partners' roles as co-researchers in health research are determined; and (2) identify factors that influence how these decisions are made.

Nurses' Perspectives on the Use of Prophylactic Dressings to Prevent Pressure Injury: A Qualitative Study.

Aim: To understand, from a nursing perspective, factors affecting the use of prophylactic dressings to prevent pressure injuries in acute hospitalised adults.

Background: Pressure injury causes harm to patients and incurs significant costs to health services. Significant emphasis is placed on their prevention.

Clinicians' and Patients' Experiences and Perceptions on the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infections: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Aim: To explore clinicians' and patients' perceptions of implementing evidence-based practice to improve clinical practice for preventing and managing surgical site infections within hospital acute care settings.

Design: A convergent integrated mixed-methods systematic review using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach.

Methods: Included studies reported (i) acute care hospital clinicians' and patients' experiences and preferences for preventing and managing surgical site infections and (ii) barriers and facilitators to implementing surgical site infection prevention and management guidelines.

Ethnic differences in physical activity participation when managing gestational diabetes mellitus: a mixed-methods study comparing ethnic Chinese migrants and Australian women.

Background: Physical activity is a key component in gestational diabetes mellitus management to optimise glycaemic control and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, inadequate physical activity during pregnancy is common. Underpinned by a woman-centred pregnancy care model, appropriate strategies targeting patients' cultural needs may facilitate physical activity participation.

IsoVis - a webserver for visualization and annotation of alternative RNA isoforms.

Genes commonly express multiple RNA products (RNA isoforms), which differ in exonic content and can have different functions. Making sense of the plethora of known and novel RNA isoforms being identified by transcriptomic approaches requires a user-friendly way to visualize gene isoforms and how they differ in exonic content, expression levels and potential functions. Here we introduce IsoVis, a freely available webserver that accepts user-supplied transcriptomic data and visualizes the expressed isoforms in a clear, intuitive manner.

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers.

Background: Pressure ulcers are localized injuries to the skin or the underlying tissue, or both, and are common in older and immobile people, people with diabetes, vascular disease, or malnutrition, as well as those who require intensive or palliative care. People with pressure ulcers often suffer from severe pain and exhibit social avoidance behaviours. The prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers involves strategies to optimize hydration, circulation, and nutrition.

Barriers and facilitators of lifestyle management among adult South Asian migrants living with chronic diseases: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Background And Aim: South Asian migrants have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases than Caucasians. Despite much literature that has explored challenges in chronic disease management amongst the South Asian population in the past decades, their chronic disease management is still suboptimal. Understanding their determinants of disease management behaviour using the Theoretical Domains Framework will inform the development of a culturally sensitive intervention relevant to consumer-end-users.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing pressure injury prevention and management guidelines in acute care: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Background: Evidence-based pressure injury prevention and management is a global health service priority. Low uptake of pressure injury guidelines leads to compromised patient outcomes. Understanding clinicians' and patients' views on the barriers and facilitators to implementing guidelines and mapping the identified barriers and facilitators to the Theoretical Domains Framework and behaviour change techniques will inform an end-user and theoretically informed intervention to improve guideline uptake in the acute care setting.

Priorities to improve woman-centred gestational diabetes mellitus care: A qualitative study to compare views between clinical and consumer end-users.

Background: Immigrants worldwide have a two-fold higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than women of the host country. Providing culturally appropriate woman-centred GDM care to attenuate adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes is a persistent challenge for health services. Underpinned by the Knowledge to Action Framework, understanding and comparing the views of patients from different ethnic backgrounds and healthcare professionals (HCPs) about current and optimal GDM care can highlight priority areas to improve woman-centred care.

Dietary management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among South Asian immigrants: A mixed-methods study.

Aims: There is a high prevalence of South Asian immigrants in Australia living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the dietary management of the condition presenting as a key challenge. However, their current dietary patterns and barriers to diabetes self-management are unclear. Therefore, this study aims to (i) investigate current dietary patterns and (ii) explore barriers and facilitators to dietary management in this population.

Decoding enhancer complexity with machine learning and high-throughput discovery.

Enhancers are genomic DNA elements controlling spatiotemporal gene expression. Their flexible organization and functional redundancies make deciphering their sequence-function relationships challenging. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of enhancer organization and evolution, with an emphasis on factors that influence these relationships.

Oedema as a predictor of the incidence of new pressure injuries in adults in any care setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oedema measurement, also termed sub-epidermal moisture measurement is recommended as an adjunct pressure injury prevention intervention in international guidelines because it indicates early tissue damage.

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of oedema measurement in predicting future pressure injury in adults in any care setting.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ethnic Differences in Barriers and Enablers to Physical Activity Among Older Adults.

Despite its well-known health benefits, most older adults do not commit to undertaking sufficient physical activity (PA). In this study we aimed to examine the perceived benefits of and barriers and enablers to PA from the perspectives of older Caucasian and Chinese adults living in Australia. Individual and group interviews with 17 Caucasian (mean age: 72.

Sarcopenia Is Associated with Mortality in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Sarcopenia can predispose individuals to falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the population studied and the definition used for the diagnosis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and mortality and if it is dependent on the population and sarcopenia definition.

Sarcopenia is associated with 3-month and 1-year mortality in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients: RESORT.

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in geriatric rehabilitation patients and can worsen prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenia and components of sarcopenia with 3-month and 1-year post-discharge mortality in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.

Methods: REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) is an observational, prospective longitudinal cohort of geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.

Risk Factors of Readmissions in Geriatric Rehabilitation Patients: RESORT.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors associated with 30- and 90-day hospital readmissions in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.

Design: Observational, prospective longitudinal inception cohort.

Setting: Tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia.

A Multidisciplinary, Community-Based Program to Reduce Unplanned Hospital Admissions.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Hospital Admission Risk Program (HARP) on unplanned hospitalization, bed days, and mortality of enrolled individuals and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HARP.

Design: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of hospital administrative data.

Intervention: Individuals at risk of hospitalization were provided with multidisciplinary, community-based care support managed by care coordinators including integrated care planning, education, monitoring, service linkages, and general practitioner liaison over 6-9 months.

Ethnic Differences in Dietary Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed Methods Study Comparing Ethnic Chinese Immigrants and Australian Women.

Background: Dietary modification is the primary intervention strategy for management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which usually occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy when women have extra nutritional needs. There is a high migration rate of ethnic Chinese people to Western countries, and those women present a high-risk group for GDM. Little is known about diet, dietary self-management, and nutritional supplementation use among ethnic Chinese migrant women with GDM compared with members of the host population with GDM.

Dietary intervention strategies for ethnic Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Ethnic Chinese women are one of the populations at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) internationally. This systematic review aimed to determine which dietary intervention strategies were found to be effective in improving glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes among ethnic Chinese women with GDM.

Methods: The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016043585).

Ethnic differences in prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparison between immigrant ethnic Chinese women and Australian-born Caucasian women in Australia.

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Ethnic differences in risk factors and perinatal outcomes are clinically important. Chinese women constitute approximately 10% of the world's population, and are an increasing migrant population, yet prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of GDM in this population are insufficiently explored.

Cultural Self-Awareness as Awareness of Culture's Influence on the Self: Implications for Cultural Identification and Well-Being.

Cultural self-awareness refers to the awareness of how culture has influenced the self. This research investigated how such awareness might be related to cultural identification and well-being. In Study 1, we developed a scale measure that differentiated individuals' awareness of how culture has influenced them (cultural self-awareness) and how their own personality and personal experiences have influenced them (personal self-awareness).

Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition, and change in adiposity, in overweight and obese adolescents: comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Background: There is a need for a practical, inexpensive method to assess body composition in obese adolescents. This study aimed to 1) compare body composition parameters estimated by a stand-on, multi-frequency bioelectrical impendence (BIA) device, using a) the manufacturers' equations, and b) published and derived equations with body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 2) assess percentage body fat (%BF) change after a weight loss intervention.

Methods: Participants were 66 obese adolescents, mean age (SD) 12.

Intersubjective Culture: The Role of Intersubjective Perceptions in Cross-Cultural Research.

Intersubjective perceptions refer to shared perceptions of the psychological characteristics that are widespread within a culture. In this article, we propose the intersubjective approach as a new approach to understanding the role that culture plays in human behavior. In this approach, intersubjective perceptions, which are distinct from personal values and beliefs, mediate the effect of the ecology on individuals' responses and adaptations.