Neuropathological features of pediatric laryngomalacia.

Objective: Laryngomalacia is the most common pediatric laryngeal anomaly. The pathophysiology of laryngomalacia is not well defined; the leading hypothesis suggests weak laryngeal tone and neuromuscular discoordination. Only a few studies explored the histopathology of the laryngeal submucosal nerves, with reported nerve hypertrophy.

Intraoperative and postoperative findings in children with myringotomy tubes (MT) undergoing cochlear implantation (CI).

Objective: To evaluate and compare children undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) with myringotomy tubes (MT) placed preoperatively or intraoperatively to those without MT .

Methods: This was a retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing CI between 2015 to 2020 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. CI patients with and without MT were reviewed for the following outcomes: intraoperative findings, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and surgical time.

Bullying, Peer Victimization, and Quality of Life in Pediatric Hearing Loss Patients: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The primary objective of this pilot study is to describe the impacts of bullying and peer victimization (BPV) in children with hearing loss.

Study Design: Prospective clinical survey study.

Methods: This pilot study enrolled children between 8 and 18 years who were administered validated surveys at an outpatient clinic between July 2020 and March 2022.

Opioid stewardship and perioperative management of pediatric tympanoplasty.

Objective: To provide insight into the intraoperative management, admission course, pain management, and graft success of microscope- and endoscope-assisted tympanoplasty.

Study Design: Retrospective Chart Review.

Methods: This study included children 18 years and younger who underwent ambulatory tympanoplasty at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2018 and December 2020.

Quantitative impact of frenotomy on breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Symptoms related to infant ankyloglossia/tongue-tie may deter mothers from breastfeeding, yet frenotomy is controversial.

Methods: Databases included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1961-2023. Controlled trials and cohort studies with validated measures of surgical efficacy for breastfeeding outcomes were eligible.

The Impact of Ankyloglossia Beyond Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review of Potential Symptoms.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of pediatric quality-of-life sequelae associated with ankyloglossia that may affect children who do not undergo tongue-tie release (frenotomy) during infancy.

Data Sources: This study contains data from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (1961-January 2023).

Review Method: The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.

Pediatric cochlear implants and myringotomy tubes: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the intraoperative findings and post-operative complications associated with patients who have current or history of myringotomy tubes undergoing a cochlear implantation.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed. Studies from Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were included.

The qualitative experiences of otolaryngologists with genetic services in pediatric hearing loss evaluation.

Genetic testing is one of the most high-yield diagnostic tests in the evaluation of pediatric sensorineural (SNHL) hearing loss, leading to a genetic diagnosis in 40-65% of patients. Previous research has focused on the utility of genetic testing in pediatric SNHL and otolaryngologists' general understanding of genetics. This qualitative study examines otolaryngologists' perceptions about facilitators and barriers when ordering genetic testing in the workup of pediatric hearing loss.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Hearing Outcomes in Twins: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases.

Objective: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the leading nonhereditary cause of pediatric sensorineural hearing loss. This systematic review evaluated infection concordance and comparative hearing abilities in twins/multiple births to model infection patterns.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Severity and prevalence of ankyloglossia-associated breastfeeding symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To evaluate breastfeeding symptoms associated with ankyloglossia/tongue-tie.

Methods: Databases included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies reported baseline breastfeeding symptoms/severity from tongue-tied infants.

Measuring the Impact of a Delay in Care on Pediatric Otolaryngologic Surgery Completion.

To determine if postponement of elective pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries results in a change in overall healthcare utilization and if there is any commensurate impact on disease progression. We identified patients ≤18 years of age whose surgeries were postponed at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic-related shutdown. We then tracked patients' rate of and patterns of rescheduling surgery.

Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Compromise in Planned PICU Admissions Following Tonsillectomy.

Objectives: Review the incidence and factors associated with respiratory compromise requiring intensive care unit level interventions in children with planned admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy (T/AT).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Review of all patients with PICU admissions following T/AT from 2015 to 2020 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patient and physician satisfaction with telemedicine in pediatric otolaryngology.

Objectives: 1) Evaluate the caregiver-perceived benefits and barriers of a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology telemedicine service using the validated Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ); 2) Explore the provider's perception and experience on the current telemedicine platform using a modified Physician Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ).

Methods: Caregivers of patients ≤18 years of age who received telemedicine services from May 4 to June 18, 2020 (duration of telemedicine use) were eligible for this study. Caregivers were contacted via telephone and given the option to answer the TSQ over the phone, receive a link via email, or decline participation.

Risk factors for return visits in children discharged with tracheostomy.

Study Objectives: To determine associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and rate of unplanned returns to system (RTS) in pediatric patients discharged with tracheostomy.

Methods: Medical records were examined for pediatric patients discharged after tracheostomy placement between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. Exclusion criteria included death or decannulation prior to discharge and lack of follow-up through 180 days post-discharge.

The utility of handheld ultrasound as a point-of-care screening tool to assess vocal fold impairment following congenital heart surgery.

Introduction: Vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) is a known potential complication of congenital heart surgery (CHS). Flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL) is the gold standard for evaluation of vocal fold movement but has risks, including epistaxis, desaturation, and changes in heart rate. Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) has begun to emerge as a diagnostic tool and has been shown to have high accuracy in the evaluation of VFMI.

Development and Validation of a Preference-Based Glaucoma Utility Instrument Using Discrete Choice Experiment.

Importance: A glaucoma-specific instrument for estimating utilities across the spectrum of glaucoma severity is currently lacking, hindering the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of glaucoma treatments.

Objective: To develop and validate the preference-based Glaucoma Utility Instrument (Glau-U) and to ascertain the association between Glau-U utilities and severity of glaucoma and vision impairment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 stages at the Singapore National Eye Centre glaucoma clinics.

Radiologic Findings in Pediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: Pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss (pSSNHL) is a rare phenomenon. There is currently no consensus on the role of imaging in the work-up for this patient population. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) studies in determining the etiology of pSSNHL.

Echocardiographic findings in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the incidence of cardiac abnormalities in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in order to assess the utility of preoperative echocardiographic evaluation for patients undergoing surgery.

Study Design: A systematic literature review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Data sources were searched from January 1, 1980 to March 25, 2020.

The utility of preoperative echocardiography in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between cardiac function and postoperative adverse events in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Patients between birth and 18 years of age diagnosed with OSA between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, who underwent echocardiographic evaluation within 6 months of surgery at a tertiary care children's hospital were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included history of neuromuscular disorders, tracheostomy placement, or a predominance of central apneic events recorded during polysomnography (PSG).

Bullying and Children who are Deaf or Hard-of-hearing: A Scoping Review.

Objective/hypothesis: The goal of this scoping review is to evaluate and synthesize the published research regarding bullying and children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH).

Study Design: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) statement was used as the guideline for conducting this review.

Methods: This review included studies assessing pediatric (0-21 years) DHH children.

Rapid telemedicine implementation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Objective: To describe the implementation of telemedicine in a pediatric otolaryngology practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic.

Methods: A descriptive paper documenting the development and application of telemedicine in a tertiary academic pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Results: A total of 51 established patients were seen via telemedicine within the first 2 weeks of telemedicine implementation.

Validation of a New Diabetic Retinopathy Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire in People with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: A validated questionnaire assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR)- and diabetic macular edema (DME)-related knowledge (K) and attitudes (A) is lacking. We developed and validated the Diabetic Retinopathy Knowledge and Attitudes (DRKA) questionnaire and explored the association between K and A and the self-reported difficulty accessing DR-related information (hereafter referred to as Access).

Methods: In this mixed-methods study, eight focus groups with 36 people with DR or DME (mean age, 60.

Effectiveness of the "living successfully with low vision" self-management program: Results from a randomized controlled trial in Singaporeans with low vision.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the "Living Successfully with Low Vision" (LSLV) self-management program to improve patient-reported outcomes in Singaporeans.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 165 participants with low vision (LV) were recruited and assigned to usual care (LV aid training only; N = 82) or LSLV program (N = 83). The LSLV program focuses on problem solving, coping mechanism and anticipation/preparation for future needs.

Differential Impact of Unilateral and Bilateral Classifications of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema on Vision-Related Quality of Life.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the impact of unilateral better-eye and bilateral categorizations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: We recruited 390 subjects (116 females; age range, 22-78 years) of Malay, Indian, and Chinese ethnicities from the Singapore Diabetes Management Project (S-DMP), a cross-sectional clinic-based study conducted from 2010 to 2013. Diabetic retinopathy and DME were graded using the Modified Airlie House and American Academy of Ophthalmology classification systems, respectively.