Calibration algorithms for continuous glucose monitoring systems based on interstitial fluid sensing.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is of great importance to the treatment and prevention of diabetes. As a proven commercial technology, electrochemical glucose sensor based on interstitial fluid (ISF) sensing has high sensitivity and wide detection range. Therefore, it has good promotion prospects in noninvasive or minimally-invasive CGM system.

Comparative Study of the Cytokine Profiles of Serum and Tissues from Patients with the Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament.

Background: The ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is one of the contributing factors leading to severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The mechanism causing ossification is still unclear. The current study was designed to analyze the specimens of patients with or without OPLL.

Micro interstitial fluid extraction and detection device integrated with the optimal extraction conditions for noninvasive glucose monitoring.

Interstitial fluid glucose sensors have promising prospects in noninvasive glucose monitoring. However, the commonly used method of extracting interstitial fluid, reverse iontophoresis (RI), still remains to be optimized to solve problems such as insufficient extraction flux and skin irritation. To find the optimal RI conditions, in this study we explored the effects of multiple factors such as current frequency, duration, duty cycle and their interactions on extraction with the design of experiments (DOE) method.

Application of chitosan with different molecular weights in cartilage tissue engineering.

Cartilage tissue engineering involves the invention of novel implantable cartilage replacement materials to help heal cartilage injuries that do not heal themselves, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of current clinical cartilage treatments. Chitosan has been widely used in cartilage tissue engineering because of its similar structure to glycine aminoglycan, which is widely distributed in connective tissues. The molecular weight, as an important structural parameter of chitosan, affects not only the method of chitosan composite scaffold preparation but also the effect on cartilage tissue healing.

Highly effective Fe-doped TiOnanoparticles for removal of toxic organic dyes under visible light illumination.

This article addresses the synthesis of Fedoped TiOnanoparticles with variations of molar concentrations of Feand their adequate use as potential photocatalysts for Photocatalysis applications. Synthesized photocatalysts were characterized thoroughly by different analytical techniques in terms of morphological, chemical, structural, crystalline, optical, electronic structure, surface area etc properties. The occurrence of red shift phenomenon of the energy band gap attributes to the transfer of charges and transition between the d electrons of dopant and conduction band (CB) or valence band (VB) of TiO.

Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracies of Monocyte Distribution Width, Procalcitonin, and C-Reactive Protein for Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of monocyte distribution width (MDW) and to compare with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP), in adult patients with sepsis.

Data Sources: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant diagnostic accuracy studies published before October 1, 2022.

Study Selection: Original articles reporting the diagnostic accuracy of MDW for sepsis detection with the Sepsis-2 or Sepsis-3 criteria were included.

Andrographolide Relieves Post-Operative Wound Pain but Affects Local Angiogenesis.

Andrographolide (Andro), the major constituent of , is was known to reduces inflammatory reaction. In the current study, the ability of Andro to reduce pain sensation in a rat post-operative wound model was explored. The hind paws of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) bearing post-operative wounds received the following three treatments: Saline, Andro via direct injection into the paw (Andro-injected) and Tablet containing Andro + poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (Andro-tablet).

Exogenous FGF-1 Differently Regulates Oligodendrocyte Replenishment in an SCI Repair Model and Cultured Cells.

We studied the phenotypes in an oligodendrocyte genesis site at the acute stage of spinal cord injury, when we observed regenerated ascending neurites. Pan-oligodendrocyte marker OLIG2+ cells were more in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1-treated rats (F group) than in non-treated (T group) in this site, while the number of NG2+OX42- oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC), CNPase+ OPC, Nkx2.2+ OPC, and APC+ remyelinating oligodendrocytes was less in the F group.

The Treatment of Keloid Scars via Modulating Heterogeneous Gelatin-Structured Composite Microneedles to Control Transdermal Dual-Drug Release.

Keloid scarring is an abnormal scar disease characterised by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and over-deposition of collagen during wound healing. Although various treatments for keloid scars have been developed, preventive medicine is believed to be a promising strategy. The skin barrier limits the gentle topical administration of medicaments such as creams and hydrogel dressings, resulting in reduced therapeutic efficacy.

GMI, Ganoderma microsporum protein, suppresses cell mobility and increases temozolomide sensitivity through induction of Slug degradation in glioblastoma multiforme cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is a malignant primary brain tumor, is the cancer that spreads most aggressively into the adjacent brain tissue. Patients with metastatic GBM have a poor chance of survival. In this study, we examined the anti-GBM mobility effect of small protein, called GMI, which is cloned and purified from Ganoderma microsporum.

Analyzation of the binding mechanism and the isoelectric point of glycated albumin with self-assembled, aptamer-conjugated films by using surface plasmon resonance.

Glycated albumin(GA), a biomarker which has great potential to replace glycated hemoglobin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, is being extensively studied by scientists, especially in preventive medicine. Aptamers, as novel probes, have attracted much attention due to their high specificity, wide storage conditions, and simple preparation. However, the interaction mechanism between GA and its aptamer is still unclear, hindering the progress of diabetic aptamer sensors into clinical testing.

High-Density Horizontal Stacking of Chondrocytes via the Synergy of Biocompatible Magnetic Gelatin Nanocarriers and Internal Magnetic Navigation for Enhancing Cartilage Repair.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally occurring articular cartilage degeneration disease that adversely affects both the physical and mental well-being of the patient, including limited mobility. One major pathological characteristic of OA is primarily related to articular cartilage defects resulting from abrasion and catabolic and proinflammatory mediators in OA joints. Although cell therapy has hitherto been regarded as a promising treatment for OA, the therapeutic effects did not meet expectations due to the outflow of implanted cells.

Extinction transition of hantavirus-infected rodents in a hostile environment.

The spatial critical shelter sizes above which populations would survive are investigated for the infection of hantavirus among rodent populations surrounded by a deadly environment. We show that the critical shelter sizes for the infected population and the susceptible population are different due to symmetry breaking in the reproduction and the transmission processes. Therefore, there exists a shelter size gap within which the infected population becomes extinct while only the susceptible population survives.

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review.

In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle.

A Facile Fabrication of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Cross-Linked Gelatin as Screen Printing Substrates.

This study focuses on preparation and valuation of the biodegradable, native, and modified gelatin film as screen-printing substrates. Modified gelatin film was prepared by crosslinking with various crosslinking agents and the electrode array was designed by screen-printing. It was observed that the swelling ratio of C-2, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) was found to be lower (3.

Surgical results in women with detrusor underactivity and stress urinary incontinence undergoing suburethral sling procedure-Predictive factors for successful outcome.

Objectives: To elucidate the treatment results and predictors for successful outcome in women with detrusor underactivity (DU) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergoing suburethral sling procedure.

Methods: Medical records of women with coexistent SUI and DU treated with a suburethral sling were retrospectively reviewed and we analyzed the association between treatment outcome and baseline demographics including etiology of DU and urodynamic variables. Patients who were dry and could urinate spontaneously were considered successful.

Characterizing the Neuroprotective Effects of S/B Remedy ( Georgi and Willd) in Spinal Cord Injury.

The main causes of dysfunction after a spinal cord injury (SCI) include primary and secondary injuries that occur during the first minutes, hours, to days after injury. This treatable secondary cascade provides a window of opportunity for delivering therapeutic interventions. An S/B remedy ( Georgi and Willd) has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects in liver or neurodegenerative diseases.

Local inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases reduced M2 macrophage activity and impeded recovery in spinal cord transected rats after treatment with fibroblast growth factor-1 and nerve grafts.

Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) promote central nervous system regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated that treatment with peripheral nerve grafts and fibroblast growth factor-1 recruited more M2 macrophages and improved partial functional recovery in spinal cord transected rats. The migration of macrophages is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dependent.

A Flexible Interdigital Electrode Used in Skin Penetration Promotion and Evaluation with Electroporation and Reverse Iontophoresis Synergistically.

Skin penetration is related to efficiencies of drug delivery or ISF extraction. Normally, the macro-electrode is employed in skin permeability promotion and evaluation, which has the disadvantages of easily causing skin damage when using electroporation or reverse iontophoresis by alone; furthermore, it has large measurement error, low sensitivity, and difficulty in integration. To resolve these issues, this paper presents a flexible interdigital microelectrode for evaluating skin penetration by sensing impedance and a method of synergistical combination of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis to promote skin penetration.

Development of carbon-graphene-based aptamer biosensor for EN2 protein detection.

In this study, we developed a screen-printed carbon-graphene-based electrochemical biosensor for EN2 protein detection. The engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a biomarker for prostate cancer, is known to be a strong binder to a specific DNA sequence (5'-TAATTA-3') to regulate transcription. To take advantage of this intrinsic property, aptamer probes with TAATTA sequence was immobilized onto the screen-printed carbon-graphene electrode surface via EDC-NHS coupling approach.

Screen-printed carbon electrode-based electrochemical immunosensor for rapid detection of microalbuminuria.

A urinary microalbumin test is used to detect early signs of kidney damage in people who have a risk of chronic kidney disease, such as those with diabetes or hypertension. In this study, we developed a screen-printed carbon electrode-based immunosensor for the detection of microalbumin in urine. Anti-human albumin antibodies were immobilized on the screen-printed sensor surface by the covalent immobilization method.

Local Delivery of High-Dose Chondroitinase ABC in the Sub-Acute Stage Promotes Axonal Outgrowth and Functional Recovery after Complete Spinal Cord Transection.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are glial scar-associated molecules considered axonal regeneration inhibitors and can be digested by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to promote axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). We previously demonstrated that intrathecal delivery of low-dose ChABC (1 U) in the acute stage of SCI promoted axonal regrowth and functional recovery. In this study, high-dose ChABC (50 U) introduced via intrathecal delivery induced subarachnoid hemorrhage and death within 48 h.

Impedimetric method for measuring ultra-low E. coli concentrations in human urine.

In this study, we developed an interdigitated gold microelectrode-based impedance sensor to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli) in human urine samples for urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis. E.

Resonant efficiency improvement design of piezoelectric biosensor for bacteria gravimetric sensing.

The piezoelectric biosensor have been widely used in ultra-small mass detection of biomolecular, based on PZT piezoelectric material can create a variety of compositions geometrically; it could widely develop a high-frequency resonator and measure the change of the slightest mass while improve the limited detection simultaneously. Therefore, the piezoelectric biosensor of this study was fabricated by a spin-coating method and backside etching process for improving the characteristic of piezoelectric biosensor. The result exhibited that the 250 μm × 250 μm working size has the most favorable piezoelectric characteristic.