Recurrent strokes and memory loss in a patient with triple-positive antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome may cause recurrent thromboembolic events of the microvasculature, arteries and veins. It is also characterised by a range of neurological and psychiatric dysfunctions, as well as complications during pregnancy. Patients with triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome have persistently elevated levels of lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL).

IgG4-Related Disease With Renal and Pulmonary Involvement.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare immune-mediated disease affecting multiple organs and tissues. There is often the presence of elevated serum Ig4 subtype with histological evidence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, fibrosis, and phlebitis. The mainstay of treatment is steroids therapy.

Cul de Sac : An Unusual Presentation of Giant Cell Arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), previously referred to as temporal arteritis, continues to pose significant diagnostic challenges to clinicians as it could have unusual and atypical presentations. We present the case of a 69-year-old Caucasian male who had presented with painful scrotal swelling and bilateral arm pain and was eventually diagnosed with GCA based on histological findings. His symptoms resolved completely with the initiation of high-dose steroids.