Exploring the Link Between Obligate Anaerobe-Related Dysbiosis and Prostate Cancer Development: A Pilot Study.

Background/objectives: Several independent studies have associated prostate cancer (PCa) with specific groups of bacteria, most of them reporting the presence of anaerobic or microaerophilic species such as (). Such findings suggest a prostate cancer-related bacterial dysbiosis, in a manner similar to the association between infection and gastric cancer. In an earlier exploratory study looking for such dysbiosis events, using a culturomics approach, we discovered that the presence of obligate anaerobes (OAs) along with was associated with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 39 participants.

Best Current Practice and Research Priorities in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer-A Report of a Movember International Consensus Meeting.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is recommended for low-risk and some intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Uptake and practice of AS vary significantly across different settings, as does the experience of surveillance-from which tests are offered, and to the levels of psychological support.

Objective: To explore the current best practice and determine the most important research priorities in AS for prostate cancer.

Assessing Ethnic Inequalities in Diagnostic Interval of Common Cancers: A Population-Based UK Cohort Study.

Background: This study investigated ethnic differences in diagnostic interval (DI)-the period between initial primary care presentation and diagnosis.

Methods: We analysed the primary care-linked data of patients who reported features of seven cancers (breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, oesophagogastric, myeloma, and ovarian) one year before diagnosis. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models investigated the association between DI and ethnicity, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, and morbidity.

Ethnic inequalities in routes to diagnosis of cancer: a population-based UK cohort study.

Background: UK Asian and Black ethnic groups have poorer outcomes for some cancers and are less likely to report a positive care experience than their White counterparts. This study investigated ethnic differences in the route to diagnosis (RTD) to identify areas in patients' cancer journeys where inequalities lie, and targeted intervention might have optimum impact.

Methods: We analysed data of 243,825 patients with 10 cancers (2006-2016) from the RTD project linked to primary care data.

The UK's contribution to cancer control in low-income and middle-income countries.

Cancer mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unacceptably high, requiring both collaborative global effort and in-country solutions. Experience has shown that working together in policy, clinical practice, education, training, and research leads to bidirectional benefit for LMICs and high-income countries. For over 60 years, the UK National Health Service has benefited from recruitment from LMICs, providing the UK with a rich diaspora of trained health-care professionals with links to LMICs.

Can targeting women with behavioural science 'nudges' help black men to find out more about their high risk of contracting prostate cancer?

Objective: Prostate cancer is now deadlier than breast cancer in the UK, with more than 12,000 men dying from it in the country in 2018. Black men are nearly three times more likely to suffer prostate cancer, with one in four contracting the disease in their lifetime. Despite being a high risk group very few black men aged 45 and over visit their GP to discuss the pros and cons of screening.

Large bowel obstruction from advanced prostate cancer in a 41-year-old: the role of genetic testing.

We report a rare presentation of an advanced prostate cancer (Gleason 10) in a 41-year-old man with complete large bowel obstruction relieved by loop colostomy. His young age prompted a search for a cause and genetic testing confirmed chromosome 10 PTEN deletion. His immediate family members were screened and counselled appropriately.

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease comprises a group of genetic haemoglobin disorders. The predominant symptom associated with sickle cell disease is pain resulting from the occlusion of small blood vessels by abnormally 'sickle-shaped' red blood cells. There are other complications, including chronic organ damage and prolonged painful erection of the penis, known as priapism.

Flipped learning: Turning medical education upside down.

Background: Flipped learning is an approach in which core teaching is delivered using online material viewed prior to face-to-face learning, applying knowledge gained from online material. Core teaching in a module for third-year undergraduate medical students was based around a 1-week course comprising 32 hours of lectures. Feedback suggested that students were poorly engaged and attendance was poor.

"Hard to reach, but not out of reach": Barriers and facilitators to recruiting Black African and Black Caribbean men with prostate cancer and their partners into qualitative research.

Access and recruitment barriers may have contributed to the underrepresentation of Black African/Caribbean men and their partners in current psychosocial research related to prostate cancer survivors. Whilst some studies have explored recruitment barriers and facilitators from participants' perspectives, little is known from researchers' point of view. This paper aimed to address this gap in the literature.

Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of a Pan-African Cancer Research Network: Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate.

Purpose: Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the leading cancer among men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A substantial proportion of these men with CaP are diagnosed at late (usually incurable) stages, yet little is known about the etiology of CaP in SSA.

Methods: We established the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Network, which includes seven SSA centers partnering with five US centers to study the genetics and epidemiology of CaP in SSA.

A Prospective Audit of Intermittent Anti-Androgen verses Pituitary Blockade Suggests a Bipolar Androgen Type Strategy May Be Safe in Untreated Prostate Cancer.

Objective: A locally advanced Gleason 4 + 4 prostate cancer patient who was on self-medication with intermittent anti-androgen monotherapy (iAAm) over 14 years suggested that raised testosterone was not dangerous and this suggestion needed investigating.

Patients: Others who were on AA continuously were recruited to ongoing audit of intermittent hormone therapy (IHT) and iAAm outcomes were compared with intermittent LHRH therapy (iLHRH or iMAB).

Results: Between 1994 and 2007, 111 patients sought IHT because of side effects of treatment.

Barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle and acceptability of a dietary and physical activity intervention among African Caribbean prostate cancer survivors in the UK: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Diet and lifestyle may have a role in delaying prostate cancer progression, but little is known about the health behaviours of Black British prostate cancer survivors despite this group having a higher prostate cancer mortality rate than their White counterparts. We explored the barriers and facilitators to dietary and lifestyle changes and the acceptability of a diet and physical activity intervention in African Caribbean prostate cancer survivors.

Design: We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews and used thematic analysis to code and group the data.

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease comprises a group of genetic haemoglobin disorders. The predominant symptom associated with sickle cell disease is pain resulting from the occlusion of small blood vessels by abnormally 'sickle-shaped' red blood cells. There are other complications, including chronic organ damage and prolonged painful erection of the penis, known as priapism.

Update on prostate cancer in black men within the UK.

There is a wealth of evidence which can be traced back to the African transatlantic slave trade indicating that black men have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared to other ethnic groups. Migration to Westernised countries may have had little effect on the incidence of prostate cancer in this ethnic group; however, current evidence indicates that there are several complex factors that may contribute to this risk. Studies in the UK quote that black men are at 2-3 times the risk of prostate cancer in comparison to their Caucasian counterparts, with a 30% higher mortality rate.

Should every patient with hematospermia be investigated? A critical review.

Hematospermia or hemospermia is defined as the presence of blood in ejaculate. It often invokes considerable anxiety and is frightening for the patient. Mostly, it is due to infectious causes and regarded as a benign and self-limiting condition particularly in younger patients.

Third-generation salvage cryotherapy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: a centre's experience.

Introduction: The experience of a tertiary centre in the management of recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy by salvage cryotherapy is presented.

Patients And Methods: Between February 2006 and August 2008, 19 patients underwent salvage cryotherapy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Post-radiotherapy recurrence was confirmed by prostatic biopsy.

Treating stuttering priapism.

Stuttering priapism is an uncommon recurrent form of ischaemic priapism consisting of episodes of unwanted, painful erections that typically last for <3 h. It occurs repeatedly with intervening periods of detumescence. If these episodes are not treated, it may evolve into a classic ischaemic priapism and eventually lead to irreversible corporal fibrosis with permanent erectile dysfunction.

Ethnic differences in prostate cancer.

Background: It is recognised that the risk of prostate cancer is higher in black men than in white men worldwide. Recent studies suggest that a number of genetic mutations in black men predispose them to this disease; hence, race as well as environmental factors such as diet and migration are thought to be the determining factors.

Methods: This review compares data from the United States (US), which suggest that African-American men have a 60% higher risk for developing prostate cancer with poorer prognosis in comparison with their white counterparts, with similar studies carried out in the United Kingdom (UK) and also in African and Caribbean countries.

A Review in Management of Testicular Cancer: Single Center Review.

Background: Testicular cancer is one of the few solid cancers that can be cured even when it is metastasized with overall survival rate of more than 90%. The aim of this study was to establish the age adjusted incidence of testicular cancer and to critically assess the management of testicular tumor.

Methods: This is a quantitative retrospective study utilizing a review of clinical notes for patients who underwent testicular orchidectomy.