Proteomic profiling of TBC1 domain family member 21-null sperms reveals the critical roles of TEKT 1 in their tail defects.

Background: Approximately 7% of the males exhibit reduced fertility; however, the regulatory genes and pathways involved remain largely unknown. TBC1 domain family member 21 (TBC1D21) contains a conserved RabGAP catalytic domain that induces GDP/GTP exchange to inactivate Rabs by interacting with microtubules. We previously reported that Tbc1d21-null mice exhibit severe sperm tail defects with a disrupted axoneme, and that TBC1D21 interacts with RAB10.

Inappropriate placement of urinary catheters into the ureter: A case report and literature review.

Objective: To emphasize preventive measures and outline management strategies for inadvertent ureteral cannulation.

Methods: We present a case report and conduct a literature review of 39 case reports on ureteral cannulation, examining a total of 48 patients.

Results: About 67% of the cases were female, and long-term catheterization was observed in 67% of the cases.