Field observations of C and C organosulfates and insights into their formation mechanisms at a suburban site in Hong Kong.

Organosulfates (OSs) are formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation products in the presence of sulfate particles. While OSs represent an important component in secondary organic aerosol, the knowledge of their formation driving force, mechanisms, and environmental impact remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report ambient observations of C oxygenated VOCs derived OSs (C OSs) at a suburban location of Hong Kong during autumn 2016.

Lichen planus pemphigoides: A unique form of bullous and lichenoid eruptions secondary to nivolumab.

The widespread use of PD-1 inhibitors to treat various solid tumors has brought certain challenges for the clinician, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Cutaneous toxicities are among the most observed irAEs. Bullous and lichenoid dermatoses following PD-1 inhibitor therapy have been described.

Autocrine hemokinin-1 functions as an endogenous adjuvant for IgE-mediated mast cell inflammatory responses.

Background: Efficient development of atopic diseases requires interactions between allergen and adjuvant to initiate and amplify the underlying inflammatory responses. Substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1) are neuropeptides that signal through the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) to promote inflammation. Mast cells initiate the symptoms and tissue effects of atopic disorders, secreting TNF and IL-6 after FcεRI cross-linking by antigen-IgE complexes (FcεRI-activated mast cells [FcεRI-MCs]).

In situ generation of milk protein-derived peptides in drying-off cows.

Our previous studies demonstrated prompt elevation of proteinase activity in mammary secretion of drying-off cows and goats. The current study examined the progressive changes in composition of cow mammary secretion following drying-off and, in parallel, characterized the mode of peptide neogenesis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionization (LC-ESI) MS/MS. The results show that the percentage of casein of total milk protein at time of drying-off was 76%, which dropped to 41%, 24%, and 16%, respectively, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after drying-off.

Effects of different blood alcohol concentrations and post-alcohol impairment on driving behavior and task performance.

Objective: A study using simulator methodology was conducted to investigate the effects of (1) different blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.