Leukoaraiosis: Epidemiology, Imaging, Risk Factors, and Management of Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) manifests as cerebral white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and corresponds to white matter lesions or abnormalities in brain tissue. Clinically, it is generally detected in the early 40s and is highly prevalent globally in individuals aged >60 years. From the imaging perspective, LA can present as several heterogeneous forms, including punctate and patchy lesions in deep or subcortical white matter; lesions with periventricular caps, a pencil-thin lining, and smooth halo; as well as irregular lesions, which are not always benign.

Study of alloferon, a novel immunomodulatory antimicrobial peptide (AMP), and its analogues.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed throughout the biosphere and represent a class of conserved peptide molecules with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low risk to induce resistance have led to increased interest in AMPs as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Among the AMPs, alloferon has been addressed due to its immunomodulatory properties that augment both innate and adaptive immune responses against various pathogens.

Alloferon-1 ameliorates estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis through dampening the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 signaling pathway.

Alloferon-1 is an insect polypeptide that has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral activity. This study aimed to determine the effects of alloferon-1 on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and explore the associated mechanism using a murine model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Results showed that alloferon-1 prevented ovariectomy‑induced body weight gain, bone loss and bone mineral content reduction, affected biochemical markers of bone turnover, and restored the microstructure of bone trabeculae.

Knockdown of Yap attenuates TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis by interaction with hedgehog signals.

Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound healing response to tissue injury characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and loss of normal liver architecture. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is regards to be the major process in liver fibrogenesis which is dynamic and reversible. Both Hippo signaling core factor Yap and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling promote HSCs transdifferentiation thereby regulating the repair process of liver injury.

Dynamic interplay between IL-1 and WNT pathways in regulating dermal adipocyte lineage cells during skin development and wound regeneration.

Dermal adipocyte lineage cells are highly plastic and can undergo reversible differentiation and dedifferentiation in response to various stimuli. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of developing or wounded mouse skin, we classify dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) into distinct non-adipogenic and adipogenic cell states. Cell differentiation trajectory analyses identify IL-1-NF-κB and WNT-β-catenin as top signaling pathways that positively and negatively associate with adipogenesis, respectively.

Protective Effects of against High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Regulation of Host Gene Expression Profiles.

Fatty liver is one of the most pervasive liver diseases worldwide. Probiotics play an important role in the progression of liver disease, but their effects on host regulation are poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of lactobacillus gasseri () against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced fatty liver injury using a zebrafish larvae model.

Alloferon-1 ameliorates acute inflammatory responses in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice.

Alloferon-1 have been proposed as an effective peptide to enhance antitumoral immunity, antiviral defense and anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 against acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Systemic pretreatment with alloferon-1 (22.

Development and Evaluation of a Thermosensitive In Situ Gel Formulation for Intravaginal Delivery of .

In situ administration of vaginal probiotics has been proposed as an effective prevention strategy against gynecological diseases caused by microecological disorders. In this study, a thermosensitive in situ gel formulation was prepared for intravaginal delivery of . The optimized formulation was characterized for the rheological properties, in vitro release properties, and microencapsulation efficiency.

Talin‑1 interaction network in cellular mechanotransduction (Review).

The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton.

Liquid Biopsy, ctDNA Diagnosis through NGS.

Liquid biopsy with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling by next-generation sequencing holds great promise to revolutionize clinical oncology. It relies on the basis that ctDNA represents the real-time status of the tumor genome which contains information of genetic alterations. Compared to tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy possesses great advantages such as a less demanding procedure, minimal invasion, ease of frequent sampling, and less sampling bias.

Suppression of Tumorigenicity 5 Ameliorates Tumor Characteristics of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells ERK/JNK Pathway.

Background: Suppression of tumorigenicity 5 (ST5) has been considered as a tumor suppressor gene in HeLa tumor cells. However, its role in the progression of breast cancer remains vague.

Methods: Online database analysis was determined by Oncomine and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.

Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiling identifies as a novel target of dysregulated hsa-miR-1972 in age-related white matter lesions.

White matter lesions known as leukoaraiosis (LA) are cerebral white matter hyperintensities observed in elderly individuals. Currently, no reliable molecular biomarkers are available for monitoring their progression over time. To identify biomarkers for the onset and progression of LA, we analyzed whole blood-based, microRNA expression profiles of leukoaraiosis, validated those exhibiting significant microRNA changes in clinical subjects by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions and determined the function of miRNA in cell lines by means of microRNA mimic transfection assays.

Identification of hsa-miR-1275 as a Novel Biomarker Targeting for Human Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology.

Epilepsy affects around 70 million people worldwide, with a 65% rate of unknown etiology. This rate is known as epilepsy of unknown etiology (EUE). Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized to contribute to mental disorders, including epilepsy.

Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota.

Gender-differentiated metabolic abnormalities of adult zebrafish with zinc pyrithione (ZPT) -induced hepatotoxicity.

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is an extensively used microbicidal agent and its toxicity to multiple organs has been gradually recognized. However, details of the mechanism of ZPT toxicity are lacking and profile studies at metabolic level are still greatly limited. In this work we investigated the effects of ZPT on metabolic pathways of zebrafish liver after twenty-one days of exposure.

Like Cures Like: Pharmacological Activity of Anti-Inflammatory Lipopolysaccharides From Gut Microbiome.

Gut microbiome maintains local gut integrity and systemic host homeostasis, where optimal control of intestinal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activity may play an important role. LPS mainly produced from gut microbiota are a group of lipid-polysaccharide chemical complexes existing in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Traditionally, LPS mostly produced from Proteobacteria are well known for their ability in inducing strong inflammatory responses (proinflammatory LPS, abbreviated as P-LPS), leading to septic shock or even death in animals and humans.

Baicalin Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis by Regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling Pathway.

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic bone metabolism disorder affecting millions of the world population. The RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway has been confirmed to be the main regulator of osteoporosis. It is of great interest to identify appropriate therapeutic agents that can regulate the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway.

The Associations of , , , , , and Variants With Leukoaraiosis in Chinese Population.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) is shown as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Together with candidate gene association studies (CGAS), multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with LA in European populations. To date, no replication studies have been reported in independent Chinese samples.

Magnesium-dependent Phosphatase (MDP) 1 is a Potential Suppressor of Gastric Cancer.

Background: Recurrence is the leading cause of treatment failure and death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism underlying GC recurrence remains unclear, and prognostic markers are still lacking.

Methods: We analyzed DNA methylation profiles in gastric cancer cases with shorter survival (<1 year) or longer survival (> 3 years), and identified candidate genes associated with GC recurrence.

Correction: Unique CDR3 epitope targeting by CAR-T cells is a viable approach for treating T-cell malignancies.

In the original version of this article the author name Xiaolei Chen was published incorrectly. This has been corrected to Xiao Lei Chen.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D affects gastric cancer progression by repressing BMP3 promoter methylation.

Background: Vitamin D has been known to have an anticancer effect, but the mechanisms underlying this is poorly explored. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor role of vitamin D on gastric cancer and mechanisms.

Methods: The Roche Elecsys platform was applied in retrospective studies to detect the role of 25-hydroxylvitamin D in adenocarcinoma and colony formation assay was conducted to verify the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) Recommended as a Regular Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis for Vascular Dementia to Identify Independent Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Before Ventriculo-Peritoneal (V-P) Shunt Treatment: A Case Study.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) with comorbid vascular dementia (VD) often have poor response to ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt. Here, three patients over the age of 60 came to the hospital with the similar clinical symptoms, Evan index over 0.3, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score <27, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure under 200 mmHO.

Interaction of WBP2 with ERα increases doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer cells by modulating MDR1 transcription.

Background: Surgery combined with new adjuvant chemotherapy is the primary treatment for early stage invasive and advanced stage breast cancer. Growing evidence indicates that patients with ERα-positive breast cancer show poor response to chemotherapeutics. However, ERα-mediated drug-resistant mechanisms remain unclear.