Glycosaminoglycans from fresh water fish processing discard - Isolation, structural characterization, and osteogenic activity.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in various biological activities. A lot of them are present in fish processing discards from abattoirs and fish processing industries which can serve as a valuable source of GAGs. We have, in this paper, isolated and characterized GAGs from fish processing discard (head) generated from the processing of Labeo rohita (L.

Effect of pathological conditions on peritoneal macrophage glycosaminoglycans: Impact on cytoadherence.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have a plethora of functions to play. They are widely present in extracellular matrix, cell surface and inside the cell. During pathological conditions remodeling of GAGs leads to modifications in their structure and functions.

Stimulation of glucose uptake by Musa sp. (cv. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem extracts in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Background: Glucose uptake study plays a major role in diabetes research. Impaired glucose uptake has been implicated in the development of hyperglycemia during diabetes. Banana plant is known for its anti-diabetic properties and our earlier report revealed that banana flower and pseudostem of Musa sp.

Structural characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides of laminin from rat kidney: changes during diabetes and modulation by dietary fiber and butyric acid.

Carbohydrates of laminin, a family of large multidomain glycoproteins, have been implicated in various cellular activities including maintaining the protein structure, its function and also basement membrane integrity. During the course of our investigation, we observed that purified laminin from kidneys of control, diabetic, and dietary fiber- and butyric acid-treated diabetic rats showed differences in binding to extracellular matrix components. This prompted us to determine whether there are structural changes in laminin oligosaccharides.

Structure of pleiotrophin- and hepatocyte growth factor-binding sulfated hexasaccharide determined by biochemical and computational approaches.

Endogenous pleiotrophin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mediate the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains isolated from embryonic pig brain. CS/DS hybrid chains isolated from shark skin have a different disaccharide composition, but also display these activities. In this study, pleiotrophin- and HGF-binding domains in shark skin CS/DS were investigated.

Glypican-1 is frequently overexpressed in human gliomas and enhances FGF-2 signaling in glioma cells.

Signaling by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), an autocrine stimulator of glioma growth, is regulated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) via a ternary complex with FGF-2 and the FGF receptor (FGFR). To characterize glioma growth signaling, we examined whether altered HSPGs contribute to loss of growth control in gliomas. In a screen of five human glioma cell lines, U118 and U251 cell HSPGs activated FGF-2 signaling via FGFR1c.

Novel 70-kDa chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains with a unique heterogeneous sulfation pattern from shark skin, which exhibit neuritogenic activity and binding activities for growth factors and neurotrophic factors.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains of proteoglycans are critical in growth factor binding, neuritogenesis, and brain development. Here we isolated CS/DS hybrid chains from shark skin aiming to develop therapeutic agents. Digestion with various chondroitinases showed that both GlcUA- and IdoUA-containing disaccharides are scattered along the polysaccharide chains with an unusually large average molecular mass of 70 kDa.

Structural and functional characterization of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains from the notochord of hagfish. Neuritogenic and binding activities for growth factors and neurotrophic factors.

Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains were purified from the notochord of hagfish. The chains (previously named CS-H for hagfish) have an average molecular mass of 18 kDa. Composition analysis using various chondroitinases demonstrated a variety of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA)- and L-iduronic acid (IdoUA)-containing disaccharides variably sulfated with a higher proportion of GlcUA/IdoUA-GalNAc 4,6-O-disulfate, revealing complex CS/DS hybrid features.

Dietary fibres ameliorate decreased synthesis of heparan sulphate in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

The role of dietary fibers in diabetes has been studied by several workers. Long term dietary treatment with increased amounts of fiber-rich low-glycaemic index natural foods improves blood glucose and reduces the number of hypoglycemic events in type I diabetic patients. On the other hand Rohrbach and Martin and Cohen and Surma described changes in the general and biochemical structure of renal tissues such as the glomerular basement membranes.

Structural features of arabinoxylans from bajra (pearl millet).

Structures of arabinoxylans (AX) from bajra, from a variety known to have characteristic quality in the making of roti, an unleavened flat bread, were elucidated by a combination of methylation analysis, (13)C NMR, FT-IR, etc. Arabinoxylans isolated from barium hydroxide-extracted polysaccharides and hemicellulose B had a backbone of xylose residues with beta-(1,4) linkages and were branched mainly through alpha-(1,3) linkages by arabinofuranosyl residues. Completely branched xylose residues were also present.