A review of major reconstructive and gender-affirming surgical techniques in genital surgery and care for the transgender patient population.

The transgender community makes up a significant portion of the American population, yet there is a paucity of data available to surgeons and anesthesiologists. The purpose of this article is to provide information to surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other medical professionals. This narrative review explores the importance of medical information that healthcare professionals should be aware of ahead of gender-affirming surgeries.

Secondary pneumonia from herpes simplex is not so simple: A case report.

A 33-year-old female was admitted for community-acquired pneumonia. On presentation, she was tachypneic and tachycardic and leukocytosis at 28,900/µL. Chest imaging showed dense consolidation on the right upper lobe.

2006 AAHA canine vaccine guidelines.

In 2005, AAHA's Canine Vaccine Task Force met to reexamine and revise guidelines on the use of vaccines in dogs. The results of the Task Force's work are summarized and tabulated in this article and are published in their entirety on the AAHA website (www.aahanet.

Minimally invasive video-assisted graft replacement of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Standard surgical therapy of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms entails obligate extensive operative exposure that is associated with significant postoperative pain and morbidity. A 70-year-old patient with multiple significant comorbidities including severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (force expiratory volume at 1 second, 0.66 L) presented with a highly symptomatic, eccentric, descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Report of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Canine Vaccine Task Force: executive summary and 2003 canine vaccine guidelines and recommendations.

The AAHA has undertaken the development of this document in an effort to inform veterinary practitioners, clarify misunderstandings held by veterinarians, and encourage practitioners to recognize that immunization of patients is a medical procedure. As such, it is bound by the same tenets that govern the recommendation of other medical procedures-principally, that it be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Many diseases we immunize against are ubiquitous.

Transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis achieves results comparable to thymectomy by sternotomy.

Background: It remains controversial whether transcervical thymectomy offers results equivalent to thymectomy by way of a median sternotomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Furthermore, preoperative prognostic factors have not been clearly defined.

Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review and interview of 78 patients completing transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis between 1992 and 1999.

Neurogenic signals regulate chromaffin cell proliferation and mediate the mitogenic effect of reserpine in the adult rat adrenal medulla.

The adrenal medulla is innervated by nerve fibers from several sources, which synapse on chromaffin cells and stimulate the secretion of catecholamines. The antihypertensive agent reserpine is known to reflexively increase this neurogenic stimulation by depleting catecholamine stores, and long-term administration of reserpine is associated with adrenal medullary hyperplasia and neoplasia. To determine the role of neurogenic signals in regulating normal and reserpine-stimulated proliferation of chromaffin cells, the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into replicating nuclei was assessed in the adrenal medulla of adult rats.

Localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone prohormone messenger ribonucleic acid in rat brain in situ hybridization.

We studied the distribution of pro- TRH mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry using radiolabeled single stranded cRNA probes to confirm the hypothesis that the TRH precursor is distributed beyond regions that contain immunoreactive TRH. All regions of the central nervous system previously recognized to contain TRH showed hybridization. Hypophysiotropic neurons in the medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus showed more intense hybridization than anterior parvocellular division cells, suggesting regional differences in expression.

Localization of somatostatin mRNA in the gut, pancreas and thyroid gland of the rat using antisense RNA probes for in situ hybridization.

A method for the localization of rat pre-prosomatostatin mRNA by in situ hybridization with 32P- and 3H-labeled antisense RNA probes is reported. Somatostatin mRNA was detected in endocrine cells of the rat gut mucosa, pancreas and thyroid in a distribution identical to immunoreactive somatostatin. In addition, in situ hybridization allowed localization of reactive neurons in the submucous and myenteric plexus of the gut, sites which are variably positive or negative for immunoreactive somatostatin even after colchicine treatment.

In situ hybridization methods for the detection of somatostatin mRNA in tissue sections using antisense RNA probes.

In situ hybridization studies with [32P] and [3H] labelled antisense RNA probes were undertaken to determine optimal methods of tissue fixation, tissue sectioning, and conditions of hybridization, and to compare the relative merits of the two different radioactive labels. The distribution of somatostatin mRNA in neurons of rat brain using a labelled antisense somatostatin RNA probe was employed as a model for these studies. The highest degree of sensitivity for in situ hybridization was obtained using paraformaldehyde fixation and vibratome sectioning.