[Carotid endarterectomy in patients with internal carotid artery thrombosis in the acutest period of ischemic stroke with COVID-19].

Objective: Analysis of the results of emergency carotid endarterectomy (CEE) in internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis in the acute period of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVI) in patients with COVID-19.

Material And Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020 - May 1, 2021), 43 patients with ICA thrombosis and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for SARS-CoV-2 were included in this prospective study. In all cases, CEE was performed in the acutest period of ACVA.

[Transposition of internal carotid artery over hypoglossal nerve in eversion carotid endarterectomy].

Objective: To analyze in-hospital and long-term results of eversion carotid endarterectomy (CEE) with transposition of internal carotid artery (ICA) over hypoglossal nerve.

Material And Methods: A cohort prospective open-label study included 919 patients with severe ICA stenosis for the period from January 2017 to April 2020. The 1st group (=172) included patients who underwent eversion CEE with ICA transposition over hypoglossal nerve; the 2nd group (=747) - who underwent conventional eversion CEE.

[Catheter-directed thrombolysis in iliofemoral thrombosis and aplasia of the inferior vena cava].

Demonstrated in the article are the results of catheter-directed thrombolysis in a male patient presenting with bilateral acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis on the background of aplasia of the inferior vena cava. The incidence rate of this pathology is specified, with an emphasis on no recommendations on choosing optimal therapeutic strategy in this cohort of patients. The main causes and complications of the disease are described.

[Management of medical care for the victims of road accidents in traumatology centers of Saint-Petersburg].

The number of road accidents, fatal outcomes and victims exceeded in 1.5 times in Saint-Petersburg in comparison with Moscow. At the average, 600 victims were treated in each of 6 first-level traumatology centers every year.

[Application of intramedullary blocked osteosynthesis for treatment of patients with open fractures of the shin and femur in combined injuries].

Actual problems of using intramedullary blocked osteosynthesis for open fractures of the shinbones and femoral bones in patients with combined injuries are considered. The most optimal terms of operative treatment were established depending on the severity of the injuries by ISS scale and on classification of injuries of the soft tissues by Gastillo-Andersen. The schemes of antibacterial prophylactics of infectious complications are proposed both during operation and at the postoperative period.

[Principles of organization of emergency care to victims of traffic accidents at the stages of evacuation under conditions of a megapolis].

The article describes organizational grounds of the system of organization of emergency care to victims of traffic accidents (TA) under conditions of a megapolis at the stages of evacuation. The principles of rendering emergency medical care in TA are considered in detail. The succession of actions at each stage is stressed.

Calcium mechanism of norepinephrine activation of ionic pump in somatic cells of lumbricus terrestris earthworm muscle wall.

Blockade of norepinephrine-induced hyperpolarization in earthworm muscle cells was observed in a calcium-free medium, after substitution of Ca(2+)with Mn(2+), and in the presence of verapamil or chlorpromazine to the incubation saline. Changes in Ca(2+)concentration in the saline and addition of caffeine had no effect on the resting potential of muscle cells. It was hypothesized that signal transduction from norepinephrine-activated membrane adrenoceptors to the ionic pump in earthworm muscle cells depends on influx of extracellular Ca(2+)and subsequent involvement of Ca(2+)-accepting proteins similar to calmodulin in vertebrates.

[Simulation of the neurotrophic control of the resting membrane potential in rat skeletal muscle by using electrical stimulation and an exogenous cholinomimetic].

Decrease of the resting MP caused by denervation of the rat diaphragm muscle, was studied in vitro. Addition of carbamylcholine as well as electrical stimulation hyperpolarized the muscle membrane, the effect of the former being not prevented by d-tubocurarine. The hyperpolarizing effects of carbamylcholine and electrical stimulation used simultaneously were not added up.

[Role of opioid peptides in the neurotrophic control of the acetylcholine-sensitive membrane of rat skeletal muscle fibers].

The influence of opiate peptides on the development of hypersensitivity to acetylcholine has been revealed in muscle fibers membrane after denervation of rat diaphragm muscle. The addition of 1 X 10(-8) M beta-endorphin or dalargin to the culture medium prevented the appearance of extra-junctional acetylcholine sensitivity. The peptide containing only three amino acids and identical to the initial dalargin region did not possess the same effect.

[Effect of acetylcholine and carbamylcholine on the resting membrane potential of denervated muscle in the rat].

The decrease of resting MP after denervation in diaphragm muscle of the rat was studied in vitro. Transitory activation of Na+,K+-pump by carbamylcholine, acetylcholine or adrenaline hyperpolarized the muscle fiber membrane but did not compensate the postdenervation fall of the MP. Similarly, the permanent presence of carbamylcholine at culturing media did not prevent the development of changes in the MP after denervation.

[Neurotrophic control of transmembrane chlorine transport in the muscle fibers of mammals].

The resting membrane potential of innervated and denervated rat diaphragm muscle fibres was studied at different concentrations of Cl-, K+ and Na+ in the external solution and following the furosemide treatment. The Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl) and resting potential are equal in innervated fibres while denervation shifts the ECl value in the positive direction when compared with the resting potential value. The postdenervation depolarization is delayed in furosemide-treated muscles.

[Effect of beta-endorphin on the development of denervation changes in the membrane of the muscle fiber in the rat].

A decrease in the resting membrane potential, an increase in the input resistance, appearance of the anode breakdown and tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials and extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity following denervation were revealed in surviving rat diaphragm muscle fibres. Addition of beta-endorphin (1.10(-8) M) to the culture medium prevented on increase in the input resistance and reduced a degree of the extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity, but did not inhibit the appearance of the anode breakdown and tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials.

[Importance of calcium ions and impulse activity for neurotrophic control of the membrane potential of muscle fibers in the rat].

The blockade of the Ca++ influx increased the postdenervation depolarization of the membrane potential in rat diaphragm muscle fibres, while elevation of the intracellular Ca++ content by caffeine hyperpolarized the muscle membrane. Direct electrical stimulation of muscle or application of carbamylcholine reduced the degree of postdenervation membrane depolarization. Verapamil and d-tubocurarine abolished the hyperpolarizing effect of the electrical stimulation.

[Effect of disruption of chloride conductance on the development of denervation changes in muscle fiber membranes of the rat].

A decrease in resting MP, increase in the input resistance, appearance of anode breakdown APs, and extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity following denervation were revealed in the rat diaphragm muscle fibres. Addition of 1 X 10(-4) M furosemide to the culture medium reduced the degree of post-denervation muscle membrane depolarization and of extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity, but did not prevent the changes in passive electrical properties and in firing level of the muscle fibre membrane. Chloride ions could serve as intracellular messengers responsible for the neurotrophic control of muscle membrane resting potential and membrane sensitivity to acetylcholine.

[Effect of hydrocortisone on neuromuscular transmission in the frog skeletal muscles].

Hydrocortisone (1.10(-7)-1.10(-5) M/l) in vitro experiments on frog's muscle in conditions of preliminary curarization increases dose-dependently the quantum content of e.