[Drug-induced uveitis].

In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to medicinal products as possible risk factors in the development of eye diseases. The frequency of diagnosed drug-induced uveitis is growing yearly, which can be attributed to the appearance of new drugs - biological agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF and MEK inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors), as well as systemic bisphosphonates and some antiviral drugs. The time interval between the beginning of the drug use and the appearance of uveitis symptoms varies from several days to months.

[Drug-induced dysphonia].

Drug-induced dysphonia is a non-life-threatening adverse drug reaction, however, this complication can significantly worsen the quality of life of patients, especially those in voice-speaking professions. The aim of the work was to search for information about the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, and features of treatment and prevention of drug-induced dysphonia. In the case of some drugs, the true prevalence may be higher than described in the literature, due to the fact that dysphonia is in most cases mild, reversible and, in comparison with other undesirable drug reactions, rarely attracts the attention of both the patient and practitioners.

[Drug-induced toxic optic neuropathy].

Drug-induced optic neuropathy is a group of disorders in which medications cause degeneration of the optic nerve. The true prevalence of drug-induced neuropathy has not been studied, although the percentage of patients who develop optic nerve damage is known for individual medications. The common pathophysiological mechanisms are believed to be mitochondrial damage and imbalance of intracellular and extracellular free radical homeostasis.

[Drug-induced hearing loss as a manifestation of drug-induced ototoxicity].

The ability of drugs to have an ototoxic effect has been studied for a long time, however, the true prevalence of this undesirable phenomenon is unknown, which is due to the use of various audiological protocols, a wide range of reactions to drugs in different ethnic groups, and most importantly, the lack of caution with regard to otological symptoms due to their reversibility or lack of immediate threat to life. Drug-induced ototoxicity is a functional disorder of the inner ear (cochlea and/or vestibular apparatus) or eighth pair of cranial nerves. Pharmacotherapy, associated with the development of ototoxic drug reactions, may remain undervalued for a long time, often until irreversible hearing impairment is formed.