Transport stress increases somatic cell counts in milk, and enhances the migration capacity of peripheral blood neutrophils of dairy cows.

The present study was designed to determine the effects of physiological stress on milk-somatic cell counts (SCC) and function of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Nine healthy lactating cows were used in the examination. Five cows were transported 100 km for 4 hr (transported group; TG), and 4 cows were penned (non-transported group; NTG).

Accelerated binding of autoantibody to red blood cells with increasing anaemia in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti.

Anaemia is the most important clinical manifestation in cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. In order to determine the mechanism of red blood cells (RBC) destruction in anaemic cattle, we studied the binding of autoantibody (IgG) to RBC during the development of anaemia in T. sergenti infection.

Cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and related clinical characteristics in Theileria orientalis sergenti-infected calves.

Eight splenectomized calves were inoculated with Theileria orientalis sergenti (Tos)-infected tick gland homogenate (5 calves) or infected erythrocyte suspension (3 calves). Clinical characteristics were different in calves post-infection. Animals were divided into 3 groups on the basis of susceptibility as high, middle, and low.

The influence of oxidative bursts of phagocytes on red blood cell oxidation in anemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti.

The primary clinical symptom of Japanese bovine theileriosis, caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan Theileria sergenti, is anemia, but the underlying mechanism of this anemia remains unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of anemia developing in bovine theileriosis, we investigated the relationship between oxidative bursts of peripheral blood phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) and the oxidation of red blood cells (RBC) to the development of anemia in cattle experimentally infected with T. sergenti.

Oxidative damage and phosphatidylserine expression of red blood cells in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of anemia in Japanese bovine theileriosis, we investigated the oxidative alteration of red blood cells (RBCs) in cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. As an index of RBC oxidation, the levels of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH) oxidation and malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA-TBARS), and phosphatidylserine (PS) expression accompanying anemia were examined in experimentally infected cattle. Before the development of anemia, the concentrations of DCFH oxidation and MDA-TBARS were low, and PS expression on the surfaces of RBCs was hardly seen.

Increase in apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils in peripheral blood after intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.

A transient increase in apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) as revealed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl, transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique in bovine jugular and milk vein blood was observed 4 h after intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (jugular vein; before infusion 10.1%, 4h 58.3%: milk vein; before infusion 13.

Increase in oxidized proteins in Theileria sergenti-infected erythrocyte membrane.

As a part of the elucidation of the pathogenesis of anemia in Theileria sergenti infection, oxidized-erythrocyte membrane proteins (OEMPs) collected from T. sergenti-infected calves were examined. The amount of OEMPs were seen to increase with the progress of the anemia and showed a maximum value around the crisis period of the infection.

Acquired methemoglobinemia in anemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti.

To investigate the mechanism of anemia accompanying Japanese bovine theileriosis, we examined whether production of methemoglobin (MetHB), an indicator of erythrocyte oxidation, was associated with anemia in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti. The percentage of MetHB, which is an oxidized form of hemoglobin, increased according to the onset of anemia. During severe anemia, high levels of acquired methemoglobinemia were observed in all infected cattle.

Flow cytometry to evaluate Theileria sergenti parasitemia using the fluorescent nucleic acid stain, SYTO16.

Background: Although the infection of Theileria sergenti is demonstrated by intraerythrocytic localization of this parasite, much time and labor are necessary in order to determine this. We applied flow cytometry to evaluate T. sergenti parasitemia using the fluorescent nucleic acid stain method.