Changes over time in pulmonary inflammatory response in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles.

Objective: Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) are representative metal oxide NPs and are categorized as an insoluble nickel compound. Our previous studies suggested that NiONPs have more pulmonary toxicity than micron-sized NiO because they may dissolve slowly and produce many more Ni ions. We confirmed the hypothesis that the slow dissolution of NiONPs induces a change in inflammatory response over time.

Pulmonary responses in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of 4 crystal forms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Objective: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used as UV filters in cosmetics and as a photocatalyst. We evaluated pulmonary responses to different crystal forms of TiO nanoparticles.

Methods: We used 4 different TiO samples with similar specific surface areas (anatase, rutile, amorphous, and P25).

Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after inhalation of nanomaterials: Fullerenes, nickel oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

The health risks of inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials in the workplace are a major concern in recent years, and hazard assessments of these materials are being conducted. The pulmonary surfactant of lung alveoli is the first biological entity to have contact with airborne nanomaterials in inhaled air. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the pulmonary surfactant components of rat lungs after a 4-week inhalation exposure to three different nanomaterials: fullerenes, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), with similar levels of average aerosol concentration (0.

Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of short and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are interesting new materials, but there is some concern about their harmfulness due to their fibrous nature. To determine the difference in the biological effects of MWCMTs by fiber length, we prepared two MWCNT samples from one bulk sample. One consisted of cut up short fibers (Short; average length=0.

Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid adhering to lung surfactant. Experiment on intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide with different diameters.

Nickel oxide with two different particle sizes, micron size (NiO) and submicron size (nNiOm), as well as crystalline silica as a positive control and titanium dioxide as a negative control, were intratracheally instilled in rats and the phospholipid concentration and the protein concentration and surface tension of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which are used in surfactant assessment, were measured to see if they could be effective biomarkers in toxicity assessment. The results showed that the NiO instilled group showed no significant difference compared to the control group throughout the observation period. In contrast, a significant difference was found in the nNiOm instilled group compared to the control group throughout the observation period.

[Filtration performance of dust respirators against nanoparticles].

It is necessary to consider protective measures, such as dust respirators, against the inhalation of nanoparticle aerosols. Industrial hygienists and workers handling nanomaterials are concerned about the filteration performance of dust respirators in protecting against nanoparticles, the size of which is less than 100 nm. We developed a filteration performance evaluating system using titanium dioxide nanoparticle aerosols ranging from 15 to 220 nm in diameter.

Pathological features of rat lung following inhalation and intratracheal instillation of C(60) fullerene.

We evaluated the pulmonary pathological features of rats that received a single intratracheal instillation and a 4-week inhalation of a fullerene. We used fullerene C(60) (nanom purple; Frontier Carbon Co. Ltd, Japan) in this study.

Biopersistence of potassium hexatitanate in inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies.

An inhalation study and an intratracheal instillation study were conducted to evaluate the biological effects of the new chemical, potassium hexatitanate (PH). For the inhalation study, Wistar male rats were exposed to PH for 6 h a day, 5 days a week for a period of 3 months. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of PH in the exposure chamber was 4.

Expression of inflammation-related cytokines following intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles.

The objective of this study was to examine what kinds of cytokines are related to lung disorder by well-dispersed nanoparticles. The mass median diameter of nickel oxide in distilled water was 26 nm. Rats intratracheally received 0.

Inflammogenic effect of well-characterized fullerenes in inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies.

Background: We used fullerenes, whose dispersion at the nano-level was stabilized by grinding in nitrogen gas in an agitation mill, to conduct an intratracheal instillation study and an inhalation exposure study. Fullerenes were individually dispersed in distilled water including 0.1% Tween 80, and the diameter of the fullerenes was 33 nm.

Expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in rat lungs by intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles.

Since nanoparticles easily agglomerate to form larger particles, it is important to maintain the size of their agglomerates at the nano-level to evaluate the harmful effect of the nanoparticles. We prevented agglomeration of nickel oxide nanoparticles by ultrasound diffusion and filtration, established an acute exposure model using animals, and examined inflammation and chemokine expression. The mass median diameter of nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates suspended in distilled water for intratracheal instillation was 26 nm (8.

Effect of polymerized toner on rat lung in chronic inhalation study.

In order to evaluate the chronic effect of polymerized toner particles on the lung, inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes were analyzed and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was examined by using the lung tissue of rats subjected to 24 months of toner inhalation exposure. Wistar female rats were divided into four groups (5 weeks old, 30 rats in each): the high concentration exposure group (16.3 +/- 0.

Pathological features of different sizes of nickel oxide following intratracheal instillation in rats.

Focusing on the "size" impact of particles, the objective of this study was to analyze morphological and qualitative changes over time in the development of inflammation and collagen deposition in lung tissue after intratracheal instillation of two sizes of nickel oxide in rats, in comparison with the results of instillation of crystalline silica and titanium dioxide. The fine-sized nickel oxide sample (nNiOm: median diameter of agglomerated particles 0.8 microm) was prepared from crude particles of nickel oxide (median diameter of primary particle 27 nm) by liquid-phase separation.

Histopathological changes in rat lung following intratracheal instillation of silicon carbide whiskers and potassium octatitanate whiskers.

We evaluated the pattern of pulmonary inflammation for the assessment of the biological hazards of two man-made mineral fibers. Rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation to a 2 mg dose of each of two kinds of man-made mineral fibers (PT1, potassium octatitanate whisker; and SiCW, silicon carbide whisker), or three kinds of comparable respirable particles (crystalline silica, crocidolite asbestos, and titanium dioxide, TiO(2)). The lung tissue was evaluated at 3 day, 1 wk, and 1, 3 and 6 mo after exposure.

Redesign of a static horizontal elutriator to perform according to the ISO 7708 respirable convention.

A static horizontal elutriator (multi-channel elutriator C-30, Sibata Scientific Instruments Ltd, Tokyo) has been widely used as a dust size classifier for a low-volume air sampler in Japan. The sampler uses the historical criterion defined by the British Medical Research Council (BMRC). However, a new sampling convention based on the ISO 7708 respirable dust convention was recently introduced into the Japanese standard for work environment measurement.