Incidence and Risk Factors of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions and Immunization Stress-Related Responses With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine.

Background: With the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns against COVID-19, the safety of vaccine needs to be evaluated.

Objective: We aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHSR) and immunization stress-related responses (ISRR) with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: This nested case-control study included recipients who received the Moderna vaccine at a mass vaccination center, Japan.

Unilateral nephrectomy for young infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type.

Background: The management of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF) is challenging. It is difficult to withdraw intravenous albumin infusions, resulting in long-term hospitalization. In addition, fatal hypotension after bilateral nephrectomy has been reported.

Eosinophilic peritonitis in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Eosinophilic peritonitis (EP) is sometimes difficult to distinguish from bacterial peritonitis (BP) at onset, as they are often overlapping. Previous reports show EP occurs more frequently in infants, although the reason is unknown.

Methods: The study population was 77 pediatric patients receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) in our center.

Refractory Hypertension in Infantile-Onset Denys-Drash Syndrome.

Denys-Drash syndrome is characterized by progressive nephropathy, gonadal dysgenesis, and Wilms tumor caused by a WT1 gene mutation. Infants with Denys-Drash syndrome frequently experience severe hypertension, but detailed clinical manifestations have yet to be clarified. Cases of infantile-onset Denys-Drash syndrome with severe hypertension at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and the pathogenesis of hypertension was investigated.

Clinical and Immunological Characterization of ICF Syndrome in Japan.

Objective: Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a major manifestation of ICF syndrome, but immunoglobulin replacement therapy does not seem to be effective for some ICF patients. Therefore, we aimed to reassess the immunological characteristics of this syndrome.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for progressive combined immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation in patients with activated phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase δ syndrome type 1.

Background: Activated phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase δ syndrome type 1 (APDS1) is a recently described primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, lymphoid hyperplasia, and Herpesviridae infections caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of PIK3CD. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be considered to ameliorate progressive immunodeficiency and associated malignancy, but appropriate indications, methods, and outcomes of HSCT for APDS1 remain undefined.

Objective: Our objective was to analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, prognosis, and treatment of APDS1 and explore appropriate indications and methods of HSCT.

A Severe Anaphylactic Reaction Associated with IgM-Class Anti-Human IgG Antibodies in a Hyper-IgM Syndrome Type 2 Patient.

Purpose: A 42-year-old man with hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 caused by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency developed a severe anaphylactic reaction to intravenous immunoglobulin. The purpose of this study was to clarify the cause of the anaphylactic reaction of the patient.

Methods: We measured IgM-class anti-human IgG and anti-human IgA antibodies in his serum by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

X-linked agammaglobulinemia: Twenty years of single-center experience from North West India.

Background: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an X-linked genetic defect in maturation of B lymphocytes that results in the absence of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and profound hypogammaglobulinemia. It is caused by a mutation in the BTK gene located on the X chromosome. There are no large series describing XLA from the developing world.

RAG1 deficiency may present clinically as selective IgA deficiency.

Background: Recombination-activating gene (RAG) 1 and 2 deficiency is seen in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and Omenn syndrome. However, the spectrum of the disease has recently expanded to include a milder phenotype.

Objective: We analyzed a 4-year-old boy who was initially given the diagnosis of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) based on immunoglobulin serum levels without any opportunistic infections, rashes, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmunity or granulomas.

Multicenter experience in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for serious complications of common variable immunodeficiency.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is usually well controlled with immunoglobulin substitution and immunomodulatory drugs. A subgroup of patients has a complicated disease course with high mortality. For these patients, investigation of more invasive, potentially curative treatments, such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is warranted.

Clinical profile and genetic basis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome at Chandigarh, North India.

Background: The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked immunodeficiency disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia with small sized platelets, eczema, and recurrent infections. There is paucity of information on WAS from the Indian subcontinent. We describe the clinical and molecular profile of 8 patients with WAS as seen in the Pediatric Immunodeficiency Clinic at the Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Delayed onset adenosine deaminase deficiency associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder that can appear after either immunizations or, more often, infections. Magnetic resonance imaging of patients shows inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord. An immune-mediated mechanism may play a role in this disease, although its precise pathogenesis remains unclear.