- Macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin (CAM), can help reduce inflammation in respiratory diseases by affecting immune responses, although the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear.
- Research identified specific mitochondrial proteins (NIP-SNAP-1, NIP-SNAP-2, and VLCAD) that are bound by CAM and play a role in regulating inflammation.
- Knocking down NIP-SNAP-1 or -2 reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6) and dampened NF-κB activity, indicating that CAM modulates inflammation by targeting these mitochondrial proteins.