Combination of antioxidant supplements improved cognitive function in the elderly.

Although nutrients or agents with antioxidant properties were reported to show a preventive effect on cognitive decline in animal studies, epidemiologic data on select antioxidants have shown conflicting results. We investigated whether a combination of antioxidants from supplements is effective for the improvement of cognitive function of elderly. Forty-one subjects from a community dwelling aged 65 years and older took supplements containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), lycopene, and Ginkgo biloba extracts (GE) daily for 3 years.

ApoE4 is not associated with depression when mild cognitive impairment is considered.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) and depression among an older Japanese population. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was taken into consideration.

Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional study.

Effect of plasma lipids, hypertension and APOE genotype on cognitive decline.

We examined the combined effect of plasma lipids/hypertension and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on cognitive function in elderly individuals. Plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), APOE, and history of hypertension were evaluated in 622 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older. We investigated the associations between plasma lipids/hypertension and cognitive function in apolipoprotein E4 allele (APOE4) carrier (E4+) and APOE4 noncarrier (E4-) groups using 3-year longitudinal data.

Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among older Japanese people: comorbidity of mild cognitive impairment and depression.

Background: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of DSM-III-R major depressive episodes (MDEs), depressive symptoms cases (DSCs) (defined as a score of ≥6 on the Geriatric Depression Scale but falling short of MDE), and coexisting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Japanese community-dwelling older people.

Methods: Prevalence was estimated based on screening evaluation, individual interviews, and door-to-door visits. MDE and DSC were diagnosed, and the cognitive status of the participants was determined to be dementia, MCI, or normal.

Association between cognitive function and plasma lipids of the elderly after controlling for apolipoprotein E genotype.

Objective: Although the relationship between cognitive function and plasma lipids has attracted attention, previous studies have shown conflicting results. One possible confounding factor is due to the influence of gene-related modulator. We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and lipid plasma levels of old age after controlling for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.

Prevalence of four subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and APOE in a Japanese community.

Background: The results of previous reports estimating the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have varied widely according to the criteria used to define MCI.

Methods: We assessed the cognitive function of Japanese community-dwelling individuals >or=65 years old and attempted to estimate the prevalence of four MCI subtypes (amnestic single, amnestic multiple, nonamnestic single, and nonamnestic multiple) using two cutoffs (1 and 1.5 SD) below normative standard.

Dementia and mild cognitive impairment among non-responders to a community survey.

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly non-responders to a community-based survey. We conducted a two-phase, population-based cross-sectional study of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older in Tone, located in central Japan. The first phase of the study consisted of physical and cognitive examinations of individuals who responded to the first recruitment (quick-responders), whereas the second phase included individuals who did not respond in the first phase (delayed-responders).

Relationship between delusions and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: To investigate the association between delusions and cerebral functional deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we evaluated probable AD patients with and without delusions.

Methods: Functional brain imaging was performed by single photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m-labeled ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) in 64 AD patients and 76 age-matched normal healthy volunteers. SPECT data were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping.