Effects of integrated hospital treatment on the default mode, salience, and frontal-parietal networks in anorexia nervosa: A longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

The psychopathology of patients with anorexia nervosa has been hypothesized to involve inappropriate self-referential processing, disturbed interoceptive awareness, and excessive cognitive control, including distorted self-concern, disregard of their own starvation state, and extreme weight-control behavior. We hypothesized that the resting-state brain networks, including the default mode, salience and frontal-parietal networks, might be altered in such patients, and that treatment might normalize neural functional connectivity, with improvement of inappropriate self-cognition. We measured resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from 18 patients with anorexia nervosa and 18 healthy subjects before and after integrated hospital treatment (nourishment and psychological therapy).

Investigation of radical scavenging effects of acetaminophen, p-aminophenol and their O-sulfated conjugates.

Acetaminophen (APAP) and p-aminophenol (p-AP) are the analogous simple phenolic compounds that undergo sulfate conjugation (sulfation) by cytosolic sulfotransferases. Sulfation is generally thought to lead to the inactivation and disposal of endogenous as well as xenobiotic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of O-sulfated form of APAP and p-AP, i.

Metabolomics profile of Japanese female patients with restricting-type anorexia nervosa.

In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of 10 female patients with restricting type anorexia nervosa (ANR) were compared to those of 10 age-matched healthy female controls. While the levels of amino acids were lower among the patients than among the controls, the levels of uremic toxins, including p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indole-3-acetic acid, and phenyl sulfate, were higher in ANR patients. The serum PCS levels correlated positively with the abundance of the Clostridium coccoides group or the C.

Prenylated Acetophloroglucinol Dimers from : Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis.

The isolation of 12 secondary metabolites, including seven new acetophenone monomers, from the 50% CHOH/CHCl extract (N089419-L/6) of was reported previously. In the present work, three new prenylated acetophenone dimers (-) and five known dimers (-) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by using various NMR spectroscopic techniques and HRMS. Among the new dimers, an unprecedented 4-isobutyl-3-isopropyltetrahydro-2-pyran ring was observed in the structure of .

Total Synthesis and in Vitro Anti-Tumor-Promoting Activities of Racemic Acetophenone Monomers from Acronychia trifoliolata.

Six acetophenone derivatives, acronyculatins I (1), J (2), K (3), L (4), N (5), and O (6), were recently isolated from Acronychia trifoliolata, and the structure of the known acronyculatin B (7) was revised. Because of the limited quantities of isolated products as well as their structure similarity, racemic acronyculatins I-L, N, O, and B (1-7) were synthesized to confirm their structures and to obtain sufficient material for biological evaluation. Trihydroxyacetophenone was converted to the target compounds by various sequences of hydroxy group protection, allylation or prenylation, and epoxidation followed by cyclization.

Acetophenone Monomers from Acronychia trifoliolata.

Seven new [acronyculatins I-O (1-7)] and four known acetophenone monomers were isolated from a CHOH/CHCl (1:1) extract (N089419) of Acronychia trifoliolata provided by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI, Frederick, MD, USA).

Acrolein-detoxifying isozymes of glutathione transferase in plants.

Acrolein is a lipid-derived highly reactive aldehyde, mediating oxidative signal and damage in plants. We found acrolein-scavenging glutathione transferase activity in plants and purified a low K isozyme from spinach. Various environmental stressors on plants cause the generation of acrolein, a highly toxic aldehyde produced from lipid peroxides, via the promotion of the formation of reactive oxygen species, which oxidize membrane lipids.

Predictors of Dropout by Female Obese Patients Treated with a Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Promote Weight Loss.

Objective: To investigate predictors of dropout from a group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for overweight or obese women.

Methods: 119 overweight and obese Japanese women aged 25-65 years who attended an outpatient weight loss intervention were followed throughout the 7-month weight loss phase. Somatic characteristics, socioeconomic status, obesity-related diseases, diet and exercise habits, and psychological variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, alexithymia, parenting style, perfectionism, and eating attitude) were assessed at baseline.

Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychological illness with devastating physical consequences; however, its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Because numerous reports have indicated the importance of gut microbiota in the regulation of weight gain, it is reasonable to speculate that AN patients might have a microbial imbalance, i.e.

Three cases of appendicitis with anorexia nervosa under inpatient care.

Background: Little is known about the occurrence of appendicitis during the re-nourishment period in anorexia nervosa (AN). We report three cases of appendicitis in patients with AN that occurred after hospitalization for treatment of AN.

Case Presentation: Case 1 is a 34-year-old female, case 2 is a 17-year-old female and case 3 is a 38-year-old female.

Clinical significance of the laparoscopic bariatric surgeries for morbid obesity: initial 30 cases at a single institution in Japan.

Background: Bariatric surgical procedures are becoming a standard treatment for morbid obesity in many western countries and in some Asian countries.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the initial 30 cases of bariatric surgical procedures performed for morbid obesity at a single institution in Japan.

Materials And Methods: From March 2012 until September 2014, 30 bariatric surgical procedures were performed for morbid obesity at a single medical center (Kyushu University Hospital) in Japan.

Association of the c.385C>A (p.Pro129Thr) polymorphism of the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene with anorexia nervosa in the Japanese population.

The functional c.385C>A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene, one of the major degrading enzymes of endocannabinoids, is reportedly associated with anorexia nervosa (AN). We genotyped the c.

The longitudinal BMI pattern and body composition of patients with anorexia nervosa who require urgent hospitalization: A case control study.

Background: The prevention of serious physical complications in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients is important. The purpose of this study is to clarify which physical and social factors are related to the necessity for urgent hospitalization of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients in a long-term starvation state. We hypothesized that the change of longitudinal BMI, body composition and social background would be useful as an index of the necessity for urgent hospitalization.

The relationship between the age of onset of type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of a severe eating disorder by female patients.

Objectives: To determine the age of onset of type 1 diabetes that is most closely related to the subsequent development of a severe eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN).

Methods: Participants were 53 female type 1 diabetes patients with AN or BN referred to our outpatient clinic from the Diabetes Center of Tokyo Women's Medical University. Forty-nine female type 1 diabetes patients who regularly visited the Diabetes Center and had no eating disorder-related problems constituted the 'direct control' group, whereas 941 female patients who for the first time visited the Diabetes Center constituted the 'historical control' group.

BMI, body composition, and the energy requirement for body weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Theories abound about the energy requirements for body weight gain in anorexia nervosa (AN). We hypothesized that malnutrition status affects the energy requirements.

Method: On admission, 97 AN patients were measured for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Relation between psychosocial variables and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional and prospective study.

Background: This cross-sectional and prospective study used a variety of psychological inventories to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial factors and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants were 304 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated as outpatients at diabetes clinics. All participants were assessed for HbA1c and completed the following self-report psychological inventories: 1) Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), 2) Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID), 3) Well-being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12), 4) Self-Esteem Scale (SES), 5) Social Support Scale, and 6) Self-Efficacy Scale.

Psychopathological features of anorectic patients who dropped out of inpatient treatment as assessed by the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.

Background: Anorexia nervosa often requires inpatient treatment that includes psychotherapeutic intervention in addition to physical and nutritional management for severe low body weight. However, such patients sometimes terminate inpatient treatment prematurely because of resistance to treatment, poor motivation for treatment, unstable emotions, and problematic behaviors. In this study, the psychopathological factors related to the personality of anorexic patients that might predict discontinuation of inpatient treatment were investigated using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).